Abstract
The INK4a/ARF locus encodes two distinct tumour suppressors, p16INK4a and p14ARF, that regulate cell cycle progression via the pRB and p53 pathways, respectively. The ARF protein inhibits hdm2 activity, leading to the stabilization of the p53 tumour suppressor and cell cycle inhibition. The amino-terminal domain of human p14ARF and of the mouse homologue, p19ARF, is sufficient for these effects. This domain is also sufficient for the nucleolar localization of the mouse ARF protein. In contrast, we show that the human ARF protein requires two arginine rich domains, one in the amino- and the other in the carboxy-terminus, for nucleolar targeting. The amino-terminal nucleolar-targeting domain of p14ARF is also important for ARF-hdm2 binding and cell cycle inhibition. The carboxy-terminal p14ARF nucleolar localization domain lies within the shared INK4a/ARF exon 2, and is mutated in a small number of melanoma-prone kindreds. The INK4a/ARF exon2-mutations could affect the function of both the p16INK4a and p14ARF tumour suppressors.
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful to Mary Sartor and Patricia Mote for expert technical assistance and Dr Beric Henderson for critical reading of this manuscript. We thank Dr Tom Shenk for supplying the pCMVEGFP-spectrin plasmid, Dr Eiji Hara for supplying the pCMV-hdm2 plasmid and Dr M Yoshida for supplying leptomycin B. This work was supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council, the NSW Cancer Council, the Leo and Jenny Leukemia and Cancer Foundation, the Melanoma Foundation of the University of Sydney and the NSW Health Department.
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Rizos, H., Darmanian, A., Mann, G. et al. Two arginine rich domains in the p14ARF tumour suppressor mediate nucleolar localization. Oncogene 19, 2978–2985 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1203629
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1203629
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