Abstract
Drug addiction is characterized by compulsive drug-seeking and drug-taking behavior and by a high rate of relapse even after long periods of abstinence. Although the mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA) pathway is thought to play a critical role in drug craving and relapse, recent evidence also implicates glutamate, an amino acid known to activate DA neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) via ionotropic receptors. To assess whether increased glutamate transmission in the VTA is involved in cocaine-primed drug-seeking behavior, we tested rats in a between-session reinstatement model. They were trained to press a lever for cocaine infusions (0.25 mg/infusion) accompanied by compound stimuli (light and tone) under a modified fixed-ratio 5 reinforcement schedule. Cocaine-primed reinstatement was conducted after lever pressing was extinguished in the absence of the conditioned stimuli. Blockade of ionotropic glutamate receptors in the VTA by local application of kynurenate (0.0, 1.0, 3.2, and 5.6 μg/side) dose-dependently decreased cocaine-primed reinstatement, whereas sucrose-primed reinstatement of sucrose-seeking behavior was unaffected. In addition, the minimum effective dose for decreasing cocaine-primed reinstatement was ineffective in the substantia nigra. Together, these data indicate that glutamatergic activation of the VTA is critical for cocaine-primed reinstatement. Because such activation can increase impulse flow in DA neurons and thus DA release in mesocorticolimbic targets, this glutamate–DA interaction in the VTA may underlie cocaine-primed relapse to cocaine-seeking behavior.
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Acknowledgements
This research was supported by NIH (DA02451). We thank Paul Langley and Faye Caylor for technical and administrative support. There is no conflict of interest in connection with the manuscript with any association or organization.
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Sun, W., Akins, C., Mattingly, A. et al. Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors in the Ventral Tegmental Area Regulate Cocaine-Seeking Behavior in Rats. Neuropsychopharmacol 30, 2073–2081 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.npp.1300744
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.npp.1300744
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