Abstract
The present study examined the effect of opioid receptor agonists in the rat forced swim assay. The δ-opioid receptor agonists SNC80 ((+)-4-[(αR)-α-((2S,5R)-4-Allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-methoxybenzyl]-N,N-diethylbenzamide) and (+)BW373U86 ((+)-[1(S*),2α,5β]-4-[[2,5-dimethyl-4-(2-propenyl)-1-piperazinyl] (3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-N,N-diethyl-benzamide dihydrochloride) produced a decrease in immobility indicating an antidepressant-like effect. At antinociceptive doses, neither the κ-opioid selective agonist CI977 (5R-(5α,7α,8β)-N-methyl-N-[7-(1-pyrrolidinyl-1-oxaspiro[4,5]dec-8-yl]-4-benzofuranacetamide) showed a change in immobility that was identifiable by dose, nor were changes in immobility seen with morphine. A δ-opioid mechanism of action in the forced swim assay was likely since naltrindole prevented the effects of both δ-agonists. When compared to desipramine and fluoxetine, SNC80 was more active with a single dose whereas both desipramine and fluoxetine produced greater effects with subchronic dosing (3 doses). All three compounds were active when administered before the initial swim exposure. SNC80 was, however, more effective following a single dose than by subchronic administration demonstrating both a fast onset of activity and potential tolerance. Thus, δ-agonists differ from typical antidepressants in the forced swim assay.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Kathy Welch from the University of Michigan Center for Statistical Consultation and Research for help with statistical analyses. Research supported by USPHS grants DA00254, GM07767 and DA07267.
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Broom, D., Jutkiewicz, E., Folk, J. et al. Nonpeptidic δ-opioid Receptor Agonists Reduce Immobility in the Forced Swim Assay in Rats. Neuropsychopharmacol 26, 744–755 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0893-133X(01)00413-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0893-133X(01)00413-4
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