Abstract
THE study of contact angles and contact-angle hysteresis in the region of low contact angles is not easy owing to difficulties of technique. The contact angle, θ, is given by 
where θ is the contact angle measured in the liquid and γSA, γSL and γLA are the surface free energies per unit area of the solid–air, solid–liquid and liquid–air interfaces respectively.
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BAXTER, S. Wetting and Contact-Angle Hysteresis. Nature 165, 198 (1950). https://doi.org/10.1038/165198a0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/165198a0
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