The Placenta as a Homotransplant

Abstract

THERE has been increasing interest during the past decade in the immunological aspects of pregnancy. Since the placenta is of fœtal origin, it has been postulated that the former is antigenically different from the mother and thus represents a homotransplant in the uterus^1,2. Recently it has been shown³ that human syncytiotrophoblast cells can bind a γ-globulin, possibly an antibody, which is present in postpartum serum. The remarkable findings of Douglas et al.⁴ that relatively large numbers of such trophoblascic cells enter the maternal circulation during normal human gestation has added impetus to speculations concerning the mechanism by which the mother is able to tolerate presumably foreign tissue. That the rabbit fœtus is antigenic for the rabbit was clearly demonstrated by Woodruff⁵, but to our knowledge the only report concerning the capacity of placenta itself to immunize the mother is that of Hašková⁶. She found that F₁ placentæ, although less antigenic than F₁ fœtal tissues, readily stimulated transplantation immunity in mice of the paternal but not the maternal strain. In this work, however, we have shown that the F₁ murine placenta contains antigenic determinants which are capable of inducing homograft immunity in mice isogenic with the mother. Douglas and Dancis have reached similar conclusions⁷. Our investigations, utilizing the entire placenta, do not necessarily indicate, however, that these determinants occur in the portion of the placenta which is in direct contact with maternal tissues or circulation.