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An Oil–Wax–Surfactant System for retarding the Evaporation of Water

Abstract

AS a result of the growing use of fresh-water resources, much work has been done on retarding evaporation from water-storage facilities. Most of this work has centred about the use of a monolayer system, especially of long-chain fatty alcohols1. However, since the practical applications of the monolayer system show that amounts of material far in excess of the theoretical monolayer system must be used2, it becomes pertinent to examine other possible systems. It appears, however, that relatively little recent work has been done with possible systems other than the monolayer. Most investigations have been concerned with oil–surfactant systems3 and one with a wax–oil system4.

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References

  1. Retardation of Evaporation by Monolayers, edit. by La Mer, V. K. (Academic Press, 1962).

  2. U.S. Dept. Interior Publication: Water-loss Investigations: Lake Hefner 1958 Evaporation Reduction Investigations (1959); U.S. Dept. Interior Publication, Chem. Eng. Rep. No. S1–32: 1960 Evaporation Reduction Studies at Sahuaro Lake, Arizona, and 1959 Monolayer Behavior Studies at Lake Mead, Arizona–Nevada and Sahuaro Lake, Arizona (1961); U.S. Dept. Interior Publication, Chem. Eng. Lab. Rep. No. S1–33; Water Loss Investigations Lake Cachuma—1961 Evaporation Reduction Investigations (1962).

  3. Docking, A. R., Heymann, E., Kerley, L. F., and Mortensen, K. N., Nature, 146, 265 (1940). Powell, R. W., Trans. Faraday Soc., 39, 311 (1943). Nelson, F. C., U.S. Patent 2,170,644 (1939). Heymann, E., and Yoffe, A., Trans. Faraday Soc., 38, 408 (1942). Gilby, A. R., and Heymann, E., Austral. Sci. Res., Ser. A, 1, 197 (1948). U.S. Dept. Interior Publication, Chem. Eng. Lab. Rep. No. S1–12; Reservoir Evaporation Control Screening Tests on Monolayers and Duplex Films (1957).

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  4. Eckert, F. W., and Hall, K. M. U.S. Patent 3,095,263 (1963).

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FOX, R. An Oil–Wax–Surfactant System for retarding the Evaporation of Water. Nature 205, 1004–1005 (1965). https://doi.org/10.1038/2051004a0

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