Microbarographic Observation of Acoustic Gravity Waves

Abstract

IT is generally believed that some ionospheric disturbances may be partly caused by the acoustic gravity waves travelling upwards from the troposphere^1,2. Wave periods of 5 min to more than 1 h and a narrow spectral band at periods of 7–12 min with a nearly sinusoidal character have been observed^2,3. Gossard² discussed various mechanisms of generation of acoustic gravity waves, but the part that convective storms play in this process is not clear. Pierce and Coroniti⁴, emphasizing the circumstantial nature of the evidence on which their proposition was based, proposed that air rising rapidly within a thunderstorm cell overshoots the equilibrium height and is pulled back, resulting in oscillations of the air with a period nearly the same as the local Brunt period. These oscillations occur near the cloudtop levels and generate acoustic gravity waves. They also suggested that, although these waves would be strongly attenuated as they propagated downwards, even at ground level they are significant enough to be detected by microbarographs. The wave oscillations may, however, be obscured by the fluctuations in pressure caused by turbulence created by the formation of the thunderstorm. Fullerton⁵ states that previous studies strongly indicate that sinusoidal pressure variations recorded at the ground are due to tropospheric gravity waves.