Sap stain in Antiaris africana, an economically important tropical white wood

Abstract

MANY countries lose thousands of pounds annually through natural staining of valuable wood. Usually the organism which causes staining is the fungus Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat₁. Field and laboratory experiments have shown that Antiaris africana becomes stained blue within 4 d of felling^2,3. The fungus enters the cut surface of the wood through the vessels and within 2 d heavily colonises the surrounding vasicentric parenchyma cells. Infection of ray cells occurs through the vasicentric parenchyma cells¹. The fungus has two types of hyphae: some are stout and brown in colour, others are thin and hyaline. The brown hyphae are predominantly found in vessels, tracheids and fibres (Fig. 1), whereas the parenchyma cells are heavily infected by the hyaline hyphae.