Abstract
Study design: Retrospective audit and interview-based study of a traumatic spinal cord injured cohort, assessing the incidence and risk of epididymo-orchitis (E-O).
Objectives: Assess the potential risk factors for E-O in this cohort (spinal cord injured patients).
Setting: Janbazan Clinic for Spinal Cord Injuries, Mashad, Iran.
Methods: A retrospective notes audit of 169 male traumatic spinal cord injured (SCI) patients was performed. In addition, interviews were performed to confirm any equivocal data. The following risk factors were assessed: history of recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs), urethral stricture, urethral diverticuli, urinary fistula, urinary calculi, spinal injury type, neurogenic bladder type, autonomic dysreflexia, vesico-ureteral reflux, sphincterotomy, vasectomy, marriage status, bladder residual and emptying method, ejaculation, spinal injury level, micturation control, and muscular spasm, which included detrusor, external sphincter or lower limb spasm.
Results: A total of 65 patients from our group (38.5%) had suffered E-O at least once. E-O presented on average, 3.9 years after the SCI. Patients with a history of muscular spasm appeared less likely to develop E-O (P<0.05). None of the vasectomised patients developed E-O. The relation between all the other factors and E-O were not significant.
Conclusions: Our study has shown that the presence of muscular spasm decreases the risk of E-O, although the mechanism remains unclear. Surprisingly, the other historical risk factors showed no clear relation with E-O occurrence.
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Acknowledgements
We thank the following medical statisticians, Mr David Bowers and Mr John Warlow, from the Universities of Leeds and Huddersfield, respectively, for their contributions to this study.
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Mirsadraee, S., Mahdavi, R., Moghadam, H. et al. Epididymo-orchitis risk factors in traumatic spinal cord injured patients. Spinal Cord 41, 516–520 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.sc.3101491
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.sc.3101491
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