Table 9 Table A6. Cumulative environmental impact ratings of four apple production systems from 1994 to 1999. Total points = A X B X C. In some cases, the total points may appear not to equal the product of A X B X C due to rounding errors.
(A) | (B) | (C) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Treatment | Product name | Chemical name | No. of applications | Rate (amount application-1 ha-1) | Points per unit amount | Total points | |
Organic | Dipel | Bt | 5 | 2.2 | kg | 7.28 | 81.5 |
Isomate C | Pheromone | 4 | 988.0 | ties | 0.02 | 59.3 | |
Microthiol | Sulfur | 11 | 11.2 | kg | 2.32 | 285.3 | |
Superior Oil | Oil | 5 | 18.7 | liters | 0.42 | 39.5 | |
Total | 465.6 | ||||||
Conventional | Captan | Captan | 1 | 14.0 | liters | 4.02 | 56.3 |
Dipel | Bt | 4 | 2.2 | kg | 7.28 | 65.2 | |
Ethrel | Ethephon | 7 | 2.1 | liters | 2.33 | 34.2 | |
Guthion | Azinphos methyl | 16 | 2.2 | kg | 17.64 | 632.3 | |
Isomate C | Pheromone | 4 | 988.0 | ties | 0.015 | 59.2 | |
Lorsban | Chlorpyrifos | 7 | 1.2 | liters | 10.57 | 86.5 | |
Microthiol | Sulfur | 9 | 11.2 | kg | 2.35 | 244.5 | |
Provado | Imidacloprid | 3 | 0.1 | liters | 274.84 | 57.8 | |
Procure | Triflumizole | 4 | 0.6 | kg | 18.70 | 41.9 | |
Rally | Myclobutanil | 7 | 0.4 | liters | 131.92 | 323.7 | |
Roundup | Glyphosate | 23 | 4.7 | liters | 9.51 | 1022.6 | |
Rubigan | Fenarimol | 1 | 0.4 | liters | 83.52 | 33.4 | |
Simazine | Simazine | 3 | 2.3 | liters | 8.25 | 57.8 | |
Sevin | Carbaryl | 2 | 1.8 | liters | 13.53 | 47.4 | |
Solicam | Norflurazon | 3 | 2.2 | kg | 10.81 | 90.8 | |
Superior Oil | Oil | 5 | 18.7 | liters | 0.42 | 39.5 | |
Total | 2,893.2 | ||||||
Integrated | Captan | Captan | 1 | 14.0 | liters | 4.02 | 56.3 |
Dipel | Bt | 4 | 2.2 | kg | 7.28 | 65.2 | |
Ethrel | Ethephon | 7 | 2.1 | liters | 2.33 | 34.2 | |
Guthion | Azinphos methyl | 16 | 2.2 | kg | 17.64 | 632.3 | |
Isomate C | Pheromone | 4 | 988.0 | ties | 0.015 | 59.2 | |
Lorsban | Chlorpyrifos | 7 | 1.2 | liters | 10.57 | 86.5 | |
Microthiol | Sulfur | 9 | 11.2 | kg | 2.32 | 244.5 | |
Provado | Imidacloprid | 3 | 0.1 | liters | 274.84 | 57.8 | |
Procure | Triflumizole | 4 | 0.6 | kg | 18.70 | 41.9 | |
Rally | Myclobutanil | 7 | 0.4 | liters | 131.92 | 323.7 | |
Roundup | Glyphosate | 11 | 4.7 | liters | 9.30 | 480.8 | |
Rubigan | Fenarimol | 1 | 0.4 | liters | 83.52 | 33.4 | |
Sevin | Carbaryl | 2 | 1.8 | liters | 13.53 | 47.4 | |
Superior Oil | Oil | 5 | 18.7 | liters | 0.42 | 39.5 | |
Total | 2,211.1 | ||||||
Non-PMD Conventional | Guthion | Azinphos Methyl | 14 | 2.2 | kg | 17.64 | 553.3 |
Dipel | Bt | 8 | 2.2 | kg | 7.28 | 130.4 | |
Carbaryl | Carbaryl | 6 | 2.1 | liters | 13.5 | 170.7 | |
Lorsban | Chlorpyrifos | 4 | 4.7 | liters | 10.6 | 197.6 | |
Ethrel | Ethephon | 3 | 2.1 | liters | 2.33 | 14.7 | |
Rubigan | Fenarimol | 6 | 0.3 | liters | 114.38 | 200.4 | |
Roundup | Glyphosate | 8 | 4.7 | liters | 9.51 | 355.7 | |
Provado | Imidacloprid | 5 | 0.1 | liters | 274.8 | 96.3 | |
Lime Sulfur | Lime Sulfur | 11 | 37.4 | liters | 2.11 | 869.4 | |
Supracide | Methidathion | 1 | 0.6 | liters | 9.85 | 5.8 | |
Rally | Myclobutanil | 5 | 0.4 | liters | 131.9 | 231.2 | |
NAA 200 | NAA | 3 | 0.2 | liters | 76.1 | 34.7 | |
Amid Thin | NAA-Amide | 3 | 0.6 | kg | 0.9 | 1.5 | |
Surflan | Oryzalin | 6 | 4.7 | liters | 3.59 | 100.8 | |
Gramoxone | Paraquat | 6 | 2.3 | liters | 28.75 | 403.1 | |
Superior Oil | Petroleum oil | 5 | 18.7 | liters | 0.42 | 39.5 | |
Princep | Simazine | 4 | 4.7 | liters | 3.17 | 59.3 | |
Total | 3,464.4 | ||||||
