Figure 1

Experimental protocols. Protocol 1: To examine effect of prophylactic use of G-CSF on DOX-induced cardiomyopathy, G-CSF administration was started immediately after DOX injection. Protocol 2: To examine the therapeutic effect of G-CSF on established DOX-induced cardiomyopathy, G-CSF was started at 2 weeks after DOX injection, when LV dysfunction is already apparent. Mice were examined at 4 or 10 weeks after DOX injection; the latter was to check whether the effect of G-CSF persists for a long interval. Protocol 3: In vitro experiments (see text for details).