Table 1 Insulitis in Regular NOD Mice

Stage 0:

Intact islet as observed in non-diabetes-prone mice

Stage I (wk 3):

Intact islet, but an increase in perivascular and periductular extracellular matrix and a perivascular increase of CD11c⁺, ER-MP23⁺, MOMA-1⁺, and BM8⁺ Mφ and DC

Stage II (wk 4–7):

Islet surrounded by DC and Mφ with above-mentioned phenotypes; infiltration of islets by CD11c⁺ DC; a major infiltration by lymphocytes is still absent

Stage III (wk 7–10):

Para-insular recruitment of substantial numbers of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T lymphocytes and some B lymphocytes to the accumulation of DC and Mφ

Stage IV (week 10–17):

Lymphocytes surround the islet (peri-insulitis)

Stage V (>wk 17):

Lymphocytes and ER-MP23⁺ and BM8⁺ Mφ infiltrate the islet

Stage VI (≫17 wk):

Endstage; no insulin-producing cells detectable