Figure 2
From: COX-2/VEGF-Dependent Facilitation of Tumor-Associated Angiogenesis and Tumor Growth in vivo
Effects of topical injections of neutralizing antibodies against the growth factors on sponge angiogenesis and identification of the factor modulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. (A) In separate tests, antibodies to VEGF, epithelial growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor (TGF)β, and IL-1 were topically injected daily into the sponge matrix (2 μg/site/day) for 14 days. The sponge angiogenesis was topically stimulated with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) (100 ng/site/day). Data are means ± sem for five sponges. Control IgG: Mice receiving nonimmune IgG fraction. *p < 0.05 versus control IgG (ANOVA). (B) RT-PCR analysis of VEGF in sponge granulation tissues dissected at Day 14 from mice receiving either vehicle solution (5% gum Arabic) or NS-398 suspension (10 mg/kg, administered orally bid). The sponge angiogenesis was topically stimulated with bFGF (100 ng/site/day). (C) VEGF levels determined with specific ELISA. The sponge implants were topically stimulated with bFGF (100 ng/site/day) for 14 days. SQ22,536 and H-89, which are inhibitors of adenylate cyclase and protein kinase A, respectively, were dissolved in physiological saline containing 1% (V/V) dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and were topically administered (10 μg/site/day, once a day) throughout the experimental period. For the control mice, physiological saline containing DMSO was injected topically. Data are means ± sem for six sponges. *p < 0.05 versus vehicle control (ANOVA).
