Figure 3
From: Liver biopsy assessment in chronic viral hepatitis: a personal, practical approach
Batts–Ludwig diagrams of necroinflammatory activity. Note that all grades of activity contain portal inflammation; therefore, it is a defining feature of chronic hepatitis and not assessed separately from other necroinflammatory lesions. (a–c) Activity grades 1 through 3. Confluent necrosis, in the form of bridging necrosis, is present only in activity grade 4 (d). These versions adapted with permission from Batts KP, Ludwig J. Chronic hepatitis. An update on terminology and reporting. Am J Surg Pathol 1995;19:1409–1417.15
