Figure 4

Batts–Ludwig diagrams of progression of scarring in chronic hepatitis. The panels portray stage of disease with (a) portal tract scarring, (b) fibrotic septa extending from portal tracts and focally linking them, (c) a transition to cirrhosis where some of the tissue shows regenerating nodularity completely bounded by scar, and (d) fully established cirrhosis. In a needle biopsy specimen, (c) may translate to a portion of the needle core with such nodularity, but other areas without this change. These versions adapted with permission from Batts KP, Ludwig J. Chronic hepatitis. An update on terminology and reporting. Am J Surg Pathol 1995;19:1409–1417.¹⁵