How does the brain remember the consequences of our actions? Persistent activity in the prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia may be crucial for learning correct actions through experience.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 51 print issues and online access
$199.00 per year
only $3.90 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on SpringerLink
- Instant access to the full article PDF.
USD 39.95
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

References
Thorndike, E. L. Animal Intelligence (MacMillan, 1911).
Histed, M. H., Pasupathy, A. & Miller, E. K. Neuron 63, 244–253 (2009).
Wickens, J. R. Behav. Brain Res. 199, 119–128 (2009).
Fusi, S., Asaad, W. F., Miller, E. K. & Wang, X. J. Neuron 54, 319–333 (2007).
Fuster, J. M. & Alexander, G. E. Science 173, 652–654 (1971).
Funahashi, S., Bruce, C. J. & Goldman-Rakic, P. S. J. Neurophysiol. 61, 331–349 (1989).
Meyer, T., Qi, X.-L. & Constantinidis, C. Cereb. Cortex 17, i70–i76 (2007).
Barraclough, D. J., Conroy, M. L. & Lee, D. Nature Neurosci. 7, 404–410 (2004).
Seo, H. & Lee, D. J. Neurosci. 27, 8366–8377 (2007).
Narayanan, N. & Laubach, M. J. Neurophysiol. 100, 520–525 (2008).
Seo, H., Barraclough, D. J. & Lee, D. J. Neurosci. 29, 7278–7289 (2009).
Kim, Y. B. et al. J. Neurophysiol. 98, 3548–3556 (2007).
Ito, K. & Doya, K. J. Neurosci. 29, 9861–9874 (2009).
Rudebeck, P. H. et al. J. Neurosci. 28, 13775–13785 (2008).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Seo, H., Lee, D. Persistent feedback. Nature 461, 50–51 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1038/461050a
Published:
Issue date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/461050a