Density variations within Earth's mantle may be a significant driver of both horizontal and vertical surface movements. The fingerprints of such mantle processes have been found in the Mediterranean region.
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Wortel, R., Govers, R. Driving Earth's surface motions. Nature 465, 559 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1038/465559a
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/465559a
