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Grand challenges in global mental health

A consortium of researchers, advocates and clinicians announces here research priorities for improving the lives of people with mental illness around the world, and calls for urgent action and investment.

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Correspondence to Pamela Y. Collins or Abdallah S. Daar.

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Collins, P., Patel, V., Joestl, S. et al. Grand challenges in global mental health. Nature 475, 27–30 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1038/475027a

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  1. Our "increasing mental sickness" may find expres­sion in neurotic symptoms. These symptoms are con­spicuous and extremely distressing. But "let us beware," says Dr. Fromm, "of defining mental hygiene as the prevention of symptoms. Symptoms as such are not our enemy, but our friend; where there are symp­toms there is conflict, and conflict always indicates that the forces of life which strive for integration and happiness are still fighting." The really hopeless victims of mental illness are to be found among those who appear to be most normal. "Many of them are normal because they are so well adjusted to our mode of existence, because their human voice has been si­lenced so early in their lives, that they do not even struggle or suffer or develop symptoms as the neurotic does." They are normal not in what may be called the absolute sense of the word; they are normal only in relation to a profoundly abnormal society. Their per­fect adjustment to that abnormal society is a measure of their mental sickness. These millions of abnormally normal people, living without fuss in a society to which, if they were fully human beings, they ought not to be adjusted, still cherish "the illusion of indi­viduality," but in fact they have been to a great extent deindividualized. Their conformity is developing into something like uniformity. But "uniformity and free­dom are incompatible. Uniformity and mental health are incompatible too. . . . Man is not made to be an automaton, and if he becomes one, the basis for mental health is destroyed."
    Aldous Huxley (Erich Fromm)

  2. Grand challenges in preventing alcohol-related harms

    We commend the collaborative efforts of the Grand Challenges in Global Mental Health team in identifying research priorities in the fields of mental, neurological and substance-use (MNS) disorders. (1) We note particularly the global burden due to alcohol-use disorders, which is the 2nd leading cause of MNS disorders worldwide(and in low- and middle-income countries). Whilst the grand challenges exercise is excellent in drawing attention to the breadth of issues in the arena of global mental health, we believe it would pay dividends to highlight in greater depth, factors which can be influenced. In particular, tackling alcohol-related harms would reap benefits in both mental and physical health internationally.

    As well as mental health, excessive alcohol also has deleterious effects on other chronic diseases, particularly liver cirrhosis and some cancers. (2) The phenotypes of alcohol-related harms undoubtedly vary substantially? in Russia, for example, alcohol-associated excesses accounted for around half of all deaths of men aged 15-54 years in one large-scale study. (3) Whilst alcohol-use disorders may not account for the same extreme burden in other regions, the absolute effects are huge, with an estimated 3.8% of all global deaths and 4.6% of global disability-adjusted life-years attributable to alcohol. (2) As the Grand Challenges allude to, the lack of reliable information on MNS disorders (and specifically relations with alcohol) means this could be an underestimate of the global burden.

    One of the key reasons we suggest alcohol-use disorders are particularly worthwhile focussing on is that there is an established evidence-base on interventions to reduce harms. Policies regulating the environment in which alcohol is marketed (particularly its price and availability) are effective in reducing its harms.(4) Moreover, as well as population-based strategies, strengthening the resources and training of health professionals in alcohol-use disorders will be required. Of course, tackling alcohol-related harms cannot be left to the mental health community alone, and will require the concerted global efforts of all physicians and public health practitioners. Other preventable hazards such as tobacco, obesity and blood pressure are relevant to chronic non-communicable diseases, (5) but alcohol-related harms warrant especial consideration as they constitute a grand challenge for physical and mental health globally.

    Neeraj Bhala&#009Clinical Trial Service Unit, University of Oxford, OX3 7LF UK
    Ian Gilmore&#009The Royal College of Physicians and the Alcohol Health Alliance UK

    Address for correspondence:
    Dr Neeraj Bhala&#009
    Clinical Trial Service Unit, Richard Doll Building, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF UK
    Email: neeraj.bhala@ctsu.ox.ac.uk

    1.&#009Collins PY, Patel V, Joestl SS, et al. Grand challenges in global mental health. Nature. 2011 Jul 6;475(7354):27-30. doi: 10.1038/475027a.
    2.&#009Rehm J, Mathers C, Popova S, et al. Global burden of disease and injury and economic cost attributable to alcohol use and alcohol-use disorders. Lancet. 2009 Jun 27;373(9682):2223-33.
    3.&#009Zaridze D, Brennan P, Boreham J, et al. Alcohol and cause-specific mortality in Russia: a retrospective case-control study of 48,557 adult deaths. Lancet. 2009 Jun 27;373(9682):2201-14.
    4.&#009Anderson P, Chisholm D, Fuhr DC. Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of policies and programmes to reduce the harm caused by alcohol. Lancet. 2009 Jun 27;373(9682):2234-46.
    5.&#009Daar AS, Singer PA, Persad DL, et al. Grand challenges in chronic non-communicable diseases. Nature. 2007 Nov 22;450(7169):494-6.

  3. Mental places need to close remember asylums they all go against our religous rights its an attack on GODly people doping them for hearing HIS voice and seeing HIS visions having HIS dreams nightmares HE wants them too or is ok with and calling them a schitzophrenic for it its as bad as taking a gift from a king YOUR NOT AN AMERICAN ANYMORE the writer of the declaration or rights would say you dont dope any you teach them to handle if they want you dont force them they could be the writer of the book also their not stupid

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