Abstract
The LMX1B gene, encoding a protein involved in limb, kidney and eye development, is mutated in patients affected by Nail–Patella syndrome. Inter- and intrafamilial variability is common in this disorder for skeletal abnormalities, presence and severity of nephropathy and ocular anomalies. Phenotypic variability might depend on interactions of the LMX1B causative gene with other genes during development of both kidney and eye, which might act as modifier genes. Results are presented on the interaction between LMX1B and PAX2 proteins, obtained by both direct yeast two-hybrid assay and coimmunoprecipitation. Such interaction provides support to further studies on pathways underlying important developmental processes.
Similar content being viewed by others
Log in or create a free account to read this content
Gain free access to this article, as well as selected content from this journal and more on nature.com
or
References
Bongers EMHF, Gubler MC, Knoers NVAM : Nail–Patella syndrome. Overview on clinical and molecular findings. Pediatr Nephrol 2002; 17: 703–712.
Sweeney E, Fryer A, Mountford R, Green A, McIntosh I : Nail Patella syndrome: a review of the phenotype aided by developmental biology. J Med Genet 2003; 40: 153–162.
Morello R, Lee B : Insight into podocyte differentiation from the study of human genetic disease: Nail–Patella syndrome and transcriptional regulation in podocytes. Pediatr Res 2002; 51: 551–558.
Chen H, Lun Y, Ovchimnikov D et al: Limb and kidney defects in lmx1b mice suggest an involvement of LMX1B in human Nail–Patella syndrome. Nat Genet 1998; 19: 51–55.
Pressman CL, Chen H, Johnson RL : LMX1B, a LIM homeodomain class transcription factor is necessary for normal development of multiple tissues in the anterior segment of the murine eye. Genesis 2000; 26: 15–25.
Marini M, Bongers EM, Cusano R et al: Confirmation of CLIM2/LMX1B interaction by yeast two-hybrid screening and analysis of its involvement in Nail–Patella syndrome. Int J Mol Med 2003; 12: 79–82.
Eccles MR : The role of Pax2 in normal and abnormal development of the urinary tract. Pediatr Nephrol 1998; 12: 712–720.
Xu P-X, Zheng W, Huang L, Maire P, Laclef C, Silvius D : Six1 is required for the early organogenesis of mammalian kidney. Development 2003; 130: 3085–3094.
Eccles MR, Schimmenti LA : Renal-coloboma syndrome: a multi-system developmental disorder caused by PAX2 mutations. Clin Genet 1999; 56: 1–9.
Salomon R, Tellier AL, Attie-Bitach T et al: PAX2 mutations in oligomeganephronia. Kidney Int 2001; 59: 457–462.
Winyard PJD, Ridson RA, Sams VR, Dressler GR, Woolf AS : The PAX2 transcription factor is expressed in cystic and hyperproliferative dysplastic epithelia in human kidney malformations. J Clin Invest 1996; 98: 451–459.
Ohtaka A, Ootaka T, Sato H, Ito S : Phenotypic change of glomerular podocytes in primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: developmental paradigm? Nephrol Dial Transplant 2002; 17 (Suppl 9): 11–15.
Dunston JA, Reimschisel T, Ding YQ et al: A neurological phenotype in nail patella syndrome (NPS) patients illuminated by studies of murine Lmx1b expression. Eur J Hum Genet 2005; 13: 330–335.
Simon HH, Bhatt L, Gherbassi D, Sgado P, Alberi L : Midbrain dopaminergic neurons: determination of their developmental fate by transcription factors. Ann NY Acad Sci 2003; 991: 36–47.
Cheng L, Arata A, Mizuguchi R et al: Tlx3 and Tlx1 are post-mitotic selector genes determining glutamatergic over GABAergic cell fates. Nat Neurosci 2004; 7: 510–517.
Stamataki D, Kastrinaki M, Mankoo BS, Pachnis V, Karagogeos D : Homeodomain proteins Mox1 and Mox2 associate with Pax1 and Pax3 transcription factors. FEBS Lett 2001; 499: 274–278.
Ruf RG, Xu PX, Silvius D et al: SIX1 mutations cause branchio-oto-renal syndrome by disruption of EYA1–SIX1–DNA complexes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004; 101: 8090–8095.
McIntosh I, Dreyer SD, Clough MV et al: Mutation analysis of LMX1B gene in Nail–Patella syndrome patients. Am J Hum Genet 1998; 63: 1651–1658.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by grants from the Italian Ministry of University-FIRB to RR and the Italian Ministry of Health to RR. The secretarial assistance of Mrs Loredana Velo is greatly acknowledged.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Marini, M., Giacopelli, F., Seri, M. et al. Interaction of the LMX1B and PAX2 gene products suggests possible molecular basis of differential phenotypes in Nail–Patella syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet 13, 789–792 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201405
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201405
Keywords
This article is cited by
-
Could the interaction between LMX1B and PAX2 influence the severity of renal symptoms?
European Journal of Human Genetics (2018)
-
Nail-patella syndrome
Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology (2017)
-
Genetics of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract
Pediatric Nephrology (2011)
-
Kidney disease in nail–patella syndrome
Pediatric Nephrology (2009)