Table 3 Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas of the cervix in relation to contraceptive use

From: Risk factors for adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix in women aged 20–44 years: the UK National Case–Control Study of Cervical Cancer

 

Adenocarcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma

Squamous vs adenocarcinoma

 

Cases/controls

OR a

95% CI

Cases/controls

OR b

95% CI

Squamous/adeno cases

OR c

95% CI

Oral contraceptive (OC) use

         

 Nevera

33/232

1.00

 

62/232

1.00

 

62/33

1.00

 

 Ever

147/691

1.56

1.01–2.42

329/691

1.37

0.97–1.94

329/147

1.35

0.64–2.86

 Past

108/543

1.42

0.91–2.23

244/543

1.31

0.92–1.87

244/108

0.97

0.56–1.66

 Current

39/148

2.36

1.34–4.16

85/148

1.64

1.06–2.55

85/39

0.76

0.39–1.45

Duration of OC use

         

 Nevera

33/232

1.00

 

62/232

1.00

 

62/33

1.00

 

 1–5 years

41/282

1.06

0.63–1.78

97/282

1.01

0.67–1.50

97/41

0.97

0.52–1.80

 5–10 years

66/277

1.90

1.16–3.11

141/277

1.55

1.05–2.29

141/66

0.78

0.43–1.41

 10+ years

40/132

2.06

1.19–3.57

91/132

1.89

1.22–2.93

91/40

1.07

0.56–2.02

Trend

  

P=0.001

  

P<0.0001

  

P=0.8

Time since last use of OC

         

 Nevera

33/232

1.00

 

62/232

1.00

 

62/33

1.00

 

 ⩽5 years

92/383

2.14

1.31–3.50

221/383

1.62

1.11–2.35

221/92

0.86

0.48–1.52

 5+ years

55/308

1.18

0.72–1.93

108/308

1.12

0.76–1.65

108/55

0.99

0.55–1.79

Heterogeneity between groups within ever users

  

P=0.009

  

P=0.02

  

P=0.8

Duration by time since last use of OC

         

⩽5 years since last use

         

 Nevera

33/232

1.00

 

62/232

1.00

 

62/33

1.00

 

 1–5 years

15/94

1.53

0.71–3.34

29/94

0.73

0.41–1.31

29/15

0.52

0.21–1.28

 5+ years

77/289

2.18

1.28–3.73

192/289

1.66

1.11–2.48

192/77

0.88

0.47–1.66

Trend

  

P=0.004

  

P=0.001

  

P=0.8

>5 years since last use

         

 Nevera

33/232

1.00

 

62/232

1.00

 

62/33

1.00

 

 1–5 years

26/188

1.09

0.60–1.98

68/188

1.19

0.76–1.86

68/26

1.15

0.56–2.38

 5+ years

29/120

1.75

0.96–3.18

40/120

1.22

0.73–2.03

40/29

0.65

0.31–1.37

Trend

  

P=0.06

  

P=0.5

  

P=0.2

Duration of combined OC use b

         

 Nevera

34/237

1.00

 

66/237

1.00

 

66/34

1.00

 

 1–5 years

42/293

1.03

0.62–1.72

102/293

0.98

0.66–1.44

102/42

0.92

0.49–1.69

 5–10 years

66/279

1.81

1.11–2.95

137/279

1.35

0.92–1.98

137/66

0.71

0.40–1.29

 10+ years

36/110

2.19

1.25–3.85

81/110

1.84

1.18–2.89

81/36

1.02

0.53–1.96

Trend

  

P=0.001

  

P=0.001

  

P=0.991

Ever use of progestagen-only OCs b,c

         

 Nevera

163/864

1.00

 

359/864

1.00

 

359/163

1.00

 

 Ever

15/55

1.28

0.68–2.43

27/55

1.27

0.74–2.18

27/15

0.75

0.36–1.58

Use of barrier method with regular partners d,e

         

 Never

73/303

1.00

 

176/303

1.00

 

176/73

1.00

 

 Ever

107/616

0.87

(0.61–1.24)

215/616

0.77

(0.58–1.02)

215/107

0.79

(0.52–1.25)

  1. ORa, odds ratio for adenocarcinoma vs controls; ORb, odds ratio for squamous cell carcinoma vs controls; ORc, odds ratio for squamous cell carcinoma cases vs adenocarcinoma cases; all adjusted for age, region, total number of sexual partners, age at first intercourse, smoking, number of negative screening results and education.
  2. a ‘Never’ use includes use for less than I year. bExcluding those who only used an unknown OC. cAdditionally adjusted for duration of combined OC use. dLimited to women with at least one regular partner. eAdditionally adjusted for duration of OC use.
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