Table 1 Selected characteristics of colorectal cancer cases and controls, the Singapore Chinese Health Study
Characteristics | Controls (n=1177) | Cases (n=310) | P-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|
Mean age±s.d.b (years) | 56.5±8.1 | 61.3±7.5 | <0.001 |
Number (%) | |||
Sex | |||
Males | 509 (43.2) | 178 (57.4) | <0.001 |
Females | 668 (56.8) | 132 (42.6) | |
Dialect group | |||
Cantonese | 571 (48.5) | 138 (44.5) | 0.23 |
Hokkien | 606 (51.5) | 172 (55.5) | |
Level of education | |||
No formal schooling | 318 (27.0) | 95 (30.6) | 0.01 |
Primary school | 504 (42.8) | 151 (48.7) | |
Secondary school | 288 (24.5) | 54 (17.4) | |
A level/university | 67 (5.7) | 10 (3.2) | |
Body mass index (kg m−2) | |||
⩽20 | 187 (15.9) | 46 (14.8) | 0.04 |
20−<24 | 659 (56.0) | 151 (48.7) | |
24−<28 | 267 (22.7) | 92 (29.7) | |
28+ | 64 (5.4) | 21 (6.8) | |
Cigarette smoking | |||
Never smokers | 853 (72.5) | 184 (59.4) | <0.001 |
Former smokers | 131 (11.1) | 52 (16.8) | |
Current smokers | 193 (16.4) | 74 (23.9) | |
Frequency of alcohol consumption | |||
Nondrinkers | 964 (81.9) | 243 (78.4) | 0.14 |
Monthly | 85 (7.2) | 21 (6.8) | |
Weekly | 93 (7.9) | 29 (9.4) | |
Daily | 35 (3.0) | 17 (5.5) | |
Familial history of colorectal cancer | |||
No | 1149 (97.6) | 297 (95.8) | 0.12 |
Yesc | 28 (2.4) | 13 (4.2) | |
Median (5th percentile, 95th percentile) | |||
Total calories (kcal day−1) | 1483.5 (829.9, 2477.5) | 1494.0 (819.3, 2589.2) | 0.54 |
Total fat (g day−1) | 40.5 (19.6, 81.7) | 39.8 (19.0, 77.1) | 0.66 |
SFAs (g day−1) | 14.0 (5.9, 30.0) | 13.7 (5.8, 29.2) | 0.62 |
MUFAs (g day−1) | 13.6 (6.3, 28.0) | 13.4 (6.1, 26.5) | 0.88 |
PUFAs (g day−1) | 8.1 (3.3, 18.6) | 7.9 (3.4, 16.5) | 0.74 |
N-3 PUFAs (g day−1) | 0.8 (0.4, 1.7) | 0.8 (0.4, 1.7) | 0.94 |
N-6 PUFAs (g day−1) | 7.2 (2.9, 16.8) | 7.0 (3.0, 14.9) | 0.75 |
Fiber (g day−1) | 12.2 (5.0, 23.1) | 11.9 (4.3, 22.5) | 0.83 |
Calcium (mg day−1) | 373.5 (156.7, 853.5) | 363.4 (158.8, 773.6) | 0.56 |
Folate (μg day−1) | 146.0 (64.1, 277.7) | 147.1 (57.9, 286.9) | 0.65 |
