Table 2 RR and 95% CI of colorectal cancer according to consumption of whole grains

	Categories of whole grain consumption (servings day⁻¹)
	<1.5	1.5–2.4	2.5–3.4	3.5–4.4	⩾4.5	P -value for trend
Colorectal cancer
All cases
Number of cases	187	201	191	132	94
Age-adjusted RR (95% CI)	1.00	0.99 (0.81–1.22)	1.05 (0.85–1.29)	0.97 (0.77–1.22)	0.80 (0.62–1.03)	0.14
Multivariate RR (95% CI)^a	1.00	1.00 (0.81–1.24)	1.05 (0.84–1.30)	0.96 (0.75–1.23)	0.80 (0.60–1.06)	0.16
Excluding cases with follow-up <2 years
Number of cases	176	187	175	119	84
Multivariate RR (95% CI)^a	1.00	0.99 (0.80–1.23)	1.02 (0.81–1.29)	0.93 (0.72–1.21)	0.76 (0.56–1.03)	0.10
Colon cancer ^b
All cases
Number of cases	136	135	131	88	57
Age-adjusted RR (95% CI)	1.00	0.92 (0.72–1.16)	1.00 (0.78–1.28)	0.90 (0.68–1.18)	0.67 (0.49–0.91)	0.03
Multivariate RR (95% CI)^a	1.00	0.94 (0.73–1.21)	1.02 (0.79–1.33)	0.91 (0.67–1.23)	0.67 (0.47–0.96)	0.06
Excluding cases with follow-up <2 years
Number of cases	129	125	124	79	52
Multivariate RR (95% CI)^a	1.00	0.91 (0.70–1.18)	1.02 (0.78–1.34)	0.86 (0.63–1.18)	0.65 (0.45–0.94)	0.04
Rectal cancer ^b
All cases
Number of cases	50	66	57	43	36
Age-adjusted RR (95% CI)	1.00	1.22 (0.84–1.78)	1.14 (0.77–1.68)	1.17 (0.77–1.78)	1.16 (0.75–1.80)	0.61
Multivariate RR (95% CI)^a	1.00	1.17 (0.80–1.72)	1.09 (0.72–1.64)	1.09 (0.69–1.72)	1.11 (0.67–1.83)	0.85
Excluding cases with follow-up <2 years
Number of cases	46	62	48	39	31
Multivariate RR (95% CI)^a	1.00	1.21 (0.81–1.81)	1.02 (0.66–1.58)	1.11 (0.69–1.79)	1.07 (0.62–1.82)	0.99

^aMultivariate RRs were adjusted for age, body mass index (quartiles), education (less than high school, high school, or university), total energy intake (continuous), and quartiles of intakes of saturated fat, calcium, red meat, fruits, and vegetables.
^bSix cases diagnosed with both colon and rectal cancer are excluded from subsite-specific analysis. RR=rate ratio; CI=confidence interval.

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