Table 2 Association of factors with blood transfusion for patients having free-flap surgery

From: The influence of allogenic blood transfusion in patients having free-flap primary surgery for oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma

  

Not transfused

Transfused <3 units

Transfused 3+ units

 
 

Patients

%

n

%

n

%

n

P -value *

Gender

 Male

274

22

60

29

79

49

135

0.28

 Female

156

21

33

22

35

56

88

 

Age (years)

 <55

133

27

36

24

32

49

65

0.60

 55–64

123

20

25

30

37

50

61

 

 65–74

115

18

21

26

30

56

64

 

 75+

59

19

11

25

15

56

33

 

Tumour site

 Buccal

76

21

16

24

18

55

42

0.11

 Lower gum

47

13

6

32

15

55

26

 

 Tongue (ant. 2/3)

87

28

24

32

28

40

35

 

 Floor of mouth

129

26

33

26

33

49

63

 

 Other

91

15

14

22

20

63

57

 

Type of flap

 Soft

309

24

74

29

91

47

144

0.003

 Composite

119

15

18

19

22

66

79

 

ASA

 I

105

29

30

28

29

44

46

0.23

 II

208

20

42

25

53

54

113

 

 III (n=77), IV(n=2)

79

16

13

27

21

57

45

 

 Unknown

38

21

8

29

11

50

19

 

Adjuvant radiotherapy

 No

214

26

55

27

57

48

102

0.10

 Yes

216

18

38

26

57

56

121

 

Mandibular resection

 Nil

230

26

60

28

64

46

106

<0.001

 Rim

73

22

16

37

27

41

30

 

 Segment

127

13

17

18

23

69

87

 

ECS

 No ECS

313

22

69

27

83

51

161

0.94

 ECS

117

21

24

27

31

53

62

 

Positive nodes

 No

230

24

56

27

61

49

113

0.30

 Yes

200

19

37

27

53

55

110

 

Margins

 Clear >5 mm

187

27

50

27

51

46

86

0.001

 Close <5 mm

147

25

37

24

35

51

75

 

 Involved

93

5

5

30

28

65

60

 

pT stage

 Tis, 1–2

218

31

68

31

68

38

82

<0.001

 3–4

210

12

25

21

45

67

140

 

pN

 0, no neck

223

24

53

26

59

50

111

0.83

 1

78

21

16

26

20

54

42

 

 2–3

129

19

24

27

35

54

70

 

P stage

 1–2

121

34

41

27

33

39

47

<0.001

 3–4

307

17

52

26

80

57

175

 

Tumour differentiation

 Poor

55

11

6

20

11

69

38

0.04

 Moderate

274

23

63

29

80

48

131

 

 Well

99

23

23

22

22

55

54

 

Pattern of invasion

 Favourable

104

21

22

31

32

48

50

0.46

 Unfavourable

323

22

70

25

80

54

173

 

Perineural invasion

 No

304

25

77

27

81

48

146

0.009

 Yes

126

13

16

26

33

61

77

 

Vascular invasion

 No

289

24

69

26

75

50

145

0.27

 Yes

141

17

24

27

39

55

78

 
  1. ASA=American Society of Anesthesiologists; ECS=extracapsular spread. *χ2 test. Note the table excludes seven patients who had transfusions, but the number of units was unknown. T and N stage: Tis is in situ, 1 is 2 cm or less, 2 is more than 2 cm upto 4 cm, 3 is more than 4 cm up to 6 cm, 4 is greater than 6 cm or involving adjacent structures. Nodal stage: N0: No evidence of regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral (same side) lymph node, 3 cm or less in size. N2: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral (same side) lymph node more than 3 cm but not more than 6 cm in greatest dimension, or metastasis in multiple ipsilateral (same side) lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension, or metastasis in bilateral (both) or contralateral (opposite side) lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension. N3: Metastasis in a lymph node more than 6 cm in greatest dimension. P stage is a combination of T and N status.
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