Table 2 Means, s.d. and P-values for a difference between cases and controls for plasma levels of carotenoids, retinol and tocopherols in GCs

From: Plasma and dietary carotenoid, retinol and tocopherol levels and the risk of gastric adenocarcinomas in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition

 

Plasma levels ( μ g dl−1)

 

GC cases ( n =244)

GC controls ( n =645)

 

Analyte

Geometric mean

Median

5th–95th percentile

Geometric mean

Median

5th–95th percentile

P -mean diff a

α-Carotene

6.7

5.3

1.5–22.4

6.6

5.4

1.4–19.6

0.72

β-Carotene

19.0

17.7

5.6–53.6

19.0

17.8

5.5–52.8

0.51

β-Cryptoxanthin

9.6

8.1

2.0–38.3

11.9

10.7

2.6–40.9

0.01

Canthaxanthin

1.9

0.7

0.1–4.5

2.0

0.8

0.2–4.5

0.98

Lutein

20.2

19.2

8.9–46.0

21.4

20.0

9.0–48.8

0.63

Lycopene

26.0

27.2

7.8–70.7

28.6

29.2

8.0–72.6

0.18

Zeaxanthin

4.9

4.0

1.3–9.1

5.7

4.7

1.7–10.8

<0.01

Total sum of carotenoids

91.5

92.8

40.4–208.4

98.2

98.7

41.8–204.2

0.14

Retinol

49.0

48.2

33.8–70.0

50.5

50.1

33.5–71.5

0.01

α-Tocopherol

1156.2

1131.4

809.3–1696.3

1186.1

1181.2

789.4–1748.1

0.08

γ-Tocopherol

80.4

81.4

31.7–219.9

80.5

80.7

32.6–196.1

0.78

  1. GC, gastric cancer; s.d., standard deviation.
  2. aTwo-sided P-values of paired t-test on log-transformed values given for a difference in means between cases and controls per analyte. For the sum of lutein/zeaxanthin, the mean concentration was 24.2 μg dl−1 in cases and 26.2 μg dl−1 in controls, with a P-value for difference of 0.16.
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