Table 2 Expression of different vascular markers in metastatically uninvolved LNs of patients with breast cancer

From: Induction of lymphangiogenesis in and around axillary lymph node metastases of patients with breast cancer

 

CD31

CD34

Podoplanin

Prox-1

LYVE-1 a

High endothelial venules

+

+

−

−

−

Littoral cells (lining subcapsular and trabecular sinuses)

+

−

Very focally and faintly

+

Faintly

Fibrous capsule and trabecular fibrous septa

 BV

+b

+b

−

−

−

 LV

+b

+b

+

+

+

Fibrous and lipomatous areas

 BV

+b

+b

−

−

−

 LV

+b

+b

+

+

+

Perinodal fat

 BV

+b

+b

−

−

−

 LV

+b

+b

+

+

+

  1. BV=blood vessel; LV=lymph vessel.
  2. aLYVE-1 positivity of macrophages and of intravascular proteins often hampers interpretation.
  3. bCD31 and CD34 expression of lymphatic endothelial cells is mostly fainter than expression of blood vessel endothelial cells.