Table 5 Multivariate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by stage and grade of prostate cancer for specified increments in calibrated intakes of protein and calcium in EPIC

From: Animal foods, protein, calcium and prostate cancer risk: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

  

Localised stage disease ( n =1403)

Advanced-stage disease ( n =541)

 

Low-grade disease ( n =982)

High-grade disease ( n =648)

 

Nutrient

Increment (g day−1)

HR (95% CI)

P trend

HR (95% CI)

P trend

P difference

HR (95% CI)

P trend

HR (95% CI)

P trend

P difference

Protein

35

1.37 (0.95–1.99)

0.10

1.12 (0.64–1.94)

0.70

0.54

1.13 (0.76–1.70)

0.54

1.08 (0.65–1.79)

0.78

0.87

 Animal proteina

35

1.23 (0.91–1.66)

0.17

0.95 (0.62–1.45)

0.82

0.33

0.92 (0.66–1.28)

0.63

1.03 (0.71–1.49)

0.90

0.67

 Dairy proteinb

35

1.22 (0.81–1.85)

0.34

1.28 (0.73–2.22)

0.39

0.90

1.10 (0.68–1.78)

0.69

1.76 (1.06–2.95)

0.03

0.19

 Plant proteina

35

0.88 (0.42–1.84)

0.73

0.75 (0.27–2.10)

0.58

0.81

1.14 (0.53–2.43)

0.74

0.63 (0.24–1.67)

0.35

0.34

Calcium b

0.3

1.07 (0.96–1.19)

0.25

1.05 (0.91–1.22)

0.49

0.90

1.00 (0.88–1.14)

0.96

1.19 (1.04–1.37)

0.01

0.07

 Dairy calciumb

0.3

1.06 (0.96–1.17)

0.28

1.04 (0.91–1.19)

0.57

0.86

1.01 (0.90–1.14)

0.82

1.16 (1.03–1.32)

0.02

0.12

 Nondairy calciumb

0.3

1.14 (0.66–1.99)

0.63

1.04 (0.47–2.29)

0.93

0.85

0.83 (0.44–1.56)

0.57

1.21 (0.57–2.56)

0.62

0.46

  1. All models are stratified by centre and adjusted for education, marital status, height, weight and energy intake.
  2. aGreece and Umeå excluded due to missing data.
  3. bGreece excluded due to missing data.
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