Table 1 Markers used in CEC assays

From: Circulating endothelial cells in oncology: pitfalls and promises

Marker

Description

Subtype association

Expression level

Coexpression

References

CD31

PECAM-1

Pan-endothelial

++a

P, Pan-leukocyte

(Beerepoot et al, 2004)

CD34

Stem cell marker

Pan-endothelial

++a

S

(Furstenberger et al, 2006)

CD36

Collagen receptor I

Micro vascular

+a

P, E, M, D

(Moroni et al, 2005)

CD54

ICAM-1

Inflammation

+a

L, M

(Dixon et al, 2004)

CD62-E

E-selectin

Inflammation

++

—

(Dixon et al, 2004)

CD62-P

P-selectin

Inflammation

+

P

(Corcoran et al, 2006)

CD105

Endoglin

Angiogenesis, malignant

++a

S, Mb

(Rowand et al, 2007)

CD106

VCAM-1

Inflammation, malignant

+a

—

(Dixon et al, 2004)

CD137

ILA/4

Malignant

+

Lb, D

(Seaman et al, 2007)

CD144

VE-cadherin

Pan-endothelial

+a

—

(Smirnov et al, 2006)

CD146

MelCAM

Pan-endothelial

++a

Lb

(Dignat-George et al, 2007)

CD202b

Tie-2

Angiogenesis

(+)a

—

(Smirnov et al, 2006)

CD276

B7-H3

Malignant

+

D, Mb

(Seaman et al, 2007)

CD309

VEGFR-2

Angiogenesis

(+)a

S

(Beerepoot et al, 2004)

VWF

 

Pan-endothelial

++a

P

(Woywodt et al, 2006)

UEA-1

 

Pan-endothelial

++

—

(Woywodt et al, 2006)

DiL-AcLDL

 

Pan-endothelial

++

—

(Voyta et al, 1984)

  1. PECAM-1=platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1, ICAM-1=intracellular adhesion molecule 1, VCAM-1=vascular cellular adhesion molecule 1, ILA/4=inducible by lymphocyte activation /4, MelCAM=melanoma-associated cellular adhesion molecule, Tie-2=angiopoietin-1, 2, 4 receptor, B7-H3=B7 homologue 3, VEGFR-2=vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2. S=hematopoietic stem cells, L=lymphocytes, P=platelets, M=monocytes, E=erythrocytes, D=dendritic cells.
  2. Expression levels: ++=strong, +=moderate, (+)=weak.
  3. aIndicates data based on flow cytometric results from the authors.
  4. bIndicates presence on activated cells.