Table 2 Mean cancer reduction and impact of the cost per vaccinated girl on the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (I$/YLS) of cervical cancer prevention strategies^a

From: Health and economic impact of HPV 16 and 18 vaccination and cervical cancer screening in India

			Cost per vaccinated girl ^b
			I$10	I$20	I$30	I$50	I$75	I$360
		Mean cancer	Approximate implied per dose cost
	Test	reduction	US$2	US$4	US$6	US$12	US$20	US$100
Table 2a . All strategies available
Natural history (no screening or vaccination)			—	—	—	—	—	—
Screening 1 time per lifetime at age 40	One-visit VIA	13%	dom^c	dom^c	dom^c	dom^c	dom^c	dom^c
	Two-visit HPV DNA	16%	dom^c	dom^c	dom^c	dom^c	dom^c	dom^c
Screening two times per lifetime at	One-visit VIA	21%	dom^c	dom^c	dom^c	dom^c	dom^c	dom^c
ages 35 and 40	Two-visit HPV DNA	24%	dom^c	dom^c	dom^c	dom^c	dom^c	dom^c
	Three-visit cytology	21%	dom^c	dom^c	dom^c	dom^c	dom^c	dom^c
Screening three times per lifetime at	One-visit VIA	29%	dom^c	I$60	I$60	I$60	I$60	I$60
ages 35, 40, and 45	Two-visit HPV DNA	33%	dom^c	dom^c	dom^c	dom^c	dom^c	dom^c
Vaccination		44%	CS ^d	dom^c	dom^c	dom^c	dom^c	dom^c
Vaccination+screening one time per	One-visit VIA	52%	dom^c	dom^c	dom^c	dom^c	dom^c	dom^c
lifetime at age 40	Two-visit HPV DNA	53%	dom^c	dom^c	dom^c	dom^c	dom^c	dom^c
Vaccination+screening two times per	One-visit VIA	56%	dom^c	dom^c	dom^c	dom^c	dom^c	dom^c
lifetime at ages 35 and 40	Two-visit HPV DNA	57%	dom^c	dom^c	dom^c	dom^c	dom^c	dom^c
	Three-visit cytology	56%	dom^c	dom^c	dom^c	dom^c	dom^c	dom^c
Vaccination+screening three times per	One-visit VIA	61%	I$290	I$340	I$630	I$1200	I$1920	I$7230
lifetime at ages 35, 40, and 45	Two-visit HPV DNA	63%	I$82 540	I$82 540	I$82 540	I$82 540	I$82 540	I$82 540
Table 2b . Only two-visit HPV DNA testing available
Natural history			—	—	—	—	—	—
Screening alone three times per lifetime			dom^c	dom^c	dom^c	I$720	I$720	I$720
Vaccination			CS ^d	I$190	I$390	I$890	dom^c	dom^c
Vaccination+screening three times per lifetime			I$1780	I$1780	I$1780	I$1780	I$2030	I$7650

After eliminating strategies that are dominated, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios are calculated for the remaining strategies and are expressed in I$2005 per YLS. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios shown represent the mean costs divided by the mean effects of the good-fitting parameter sets.
^bCost per vaccinated girl includes three doses of vaccine, wastage, freight and supplies, administration, and immunisation support and programmatic costs.
^cdom: these strategies are either more costly and less effective, or less costly and less cost-effective, than alternative options, and are thus considered dominated.
^dCS: cost saving.
HPV: human papillomavirus.
VIA: visual inspection with acetic acid.

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Table 2 Mean cancer reduction and impact of the cost per vaccinated girl on the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (I$/YLS) of cervical cancer prevention strategies^a

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