Figure 1

Pancreatic cancer cells depend on extracellular cystine for growth. Neutral red uptake assay for cell proliferation in MIA PaCa-2, PANC-1, and BxPC-3 cells incubated in medium in the presence or absence of methionine (0.1 mM), cystine (0.1 mM), and/or cystathionine (0.15 mM), in the combinations indicated for 72 h. Data represent the mean±s.e.m. from three independent experiments. *P<0.01.