Table 3 Stratified multivariate adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for lung cancer incidence according to green tea consumption category, the Ohsaki Study

From: Green tea consumption and lung cancer risk: the Ohsaki study

 

Green tea consumption, cups/day

 
 

<1

1 or 2

3 or 4

⩾5

 

Characteristics

HR

HR (95% CI)

HR (95% CI)

HR (95% CI)

P for trend a

Age

 <60

1.00

0.80 (0.44–1.48)

1.09 (0.62–1.90)

1.11 (0.66–1.86)

0.52

 ⩾60

1.00

1.33 (0.85–2.06)

1.19 (0.77–1.86)

1.16 (0.77–1.74)

0.69

Smoking status

 Never

1.00

1.59 (0.68–3.69)

1.41 (0.61–3.26)

1.24 (0.54–2.84)

0.82

 Former

1.00

0.91 (0.42–1.97)

0.94 (0.45–1.97)

1.22 (0.63–2.36)

0.55

 Current

1.00

1.07 (0.64–1.77)

1.41 (0.88–2.27)

1.33 (0.85–2.07)

0.15

Alcohol drinking

 Never

1.00

1.38 (0.73–2.64)

1.10 (0.56–2.15)

1.18 (0.65–2.15)

0.82

 Former

1.00

0.59 (0.15–2.35)

1.26 (0.41–3.84)

1.37 (0.52–3.60)

0.35

 Current

1.00

1.11 (0.68–1.81)

1.34 (0.84–2.14)

1.23 (0.78–1.93)

0.31

Education level

 Junior high school or lower

1.00

1.23 (0.81–1.86)

1.06 (0.69–1.62)

1.13 (0.77–1.67)

0.69

 High school or higher

1.00

0.83 (0.41–1.69)

1.11 (0.57–2.15)

1.01 (0.54–1.90)

0.76

Walking duration, h day −1

 <1

1.00

0.96 (0.60–1.55)

0.90 (0.56–1.45)

0.84 (0.54–1.31)

0.42

 ⩾1

1.00

1.62 (0.92–2.86)

1.67 (0.95–2.93)

1.57 (0.93–2.65)

0.14

Body mass index

 <25

1.00

1.04 (0.69–1.56)

1.06 (0.71–1.58)

1.10 (0.76–1.58)

0.62

 ⩾25

1.00

1.31 (0.62–2.79)

1.22 (0.56–2.66)

0.97 (0.46–2.04)

0.81

Family history of cancer

 Yes

1.00

0.98 (0.52–1.85)

1.26 (0.70–2.28)

1.14 (0.66–1.97)

0.53

 No

1.00

1.21 (0.79–1.84)

1.14 (0.74–1.75)

1.16 (0.78–1.72)

0.55

Coffee

 <1 cup/day

1.00

1.00 (0.60–1.67)

1.23 (0.78–1.96)

1.10 (0.71–1.70)

0.55

 ⩾1 cups/day

1.00

0.89 (0.49–1.61)

0.95 (0.52–1.76)

1.11 (0.64–1.92)

0.63

  1. HR=hazard ratio; CI=confidence interval. For each stratified variable the multivariate HR has been adjusted for age (continuous variable), sex (men or women), education level (junior high school or lower, high school, or college/university or higher), marital status (married, or widowed/divorced/single), passive smoking (yes or no), body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared; <18.5, 18.5–24.9, or ⩾25.0), walking duration (<1 or ⩾1 h day−1), family history of cancer (yes or no), smoking status (never, former, or currently), number of cigarettes smoked per day (continuous variable), years of smoking (continuous variable), alcohol drinking (never, former, currently drinking <45.6 g day−1, or currently drinking ⩾45.6 g day−1 ethanol), total energy intake per day (continuous variable), and daily consumption of soybean products, total meat, total fish, dairy products, total fruits, and total vegetables (for each food group, continuous variable), and consumption coffee (never or occasionally, 1–2 cups/day, or ⩾3 cups/day).
  2. aThe P-values for the test of linear trend were calculated by treating the green tea consumption category as a continuous variable.
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