Table 1 Effect of vitamin-E isomers on prostate cells

From: γ-Tocotrienol suppresses prostate cancer cell proliferation and invasion through multiple-signalling pathways

(A)

Mean cell viability in percentage (relative to control)

    
 

Tocopherols (T)

    
 

α

β

γ

δ

    

Incubation (hours)

24

48

24

48

24

48

24

48

    

Dose ( μ M)

20

40

80

20

80

20

40

80

20

80

20

40

80

20

80

20

40

80

20

80

    

LNCaP

106±8

105±5

92±7

102±7

87±5

96±8

92±5

88±5

103±7

88±4

81±7

79±7

67±7

81±4

56±4

103±7

98±5

93±7

84±7

83±5

    

PC-3

96±7

101±6

93±5

94±6

91±4

98±9

98±7

95±8

96±9

97±6

92±8

93±5

84±7

88±6

78±6

94±4

92±6

87±5

98±8

85±7

    

PZ-HPV7

108±8

102±5

98±5

103±8

104±6

103±8

104±5

99±11

96±8

96±8

99±6

106±5

100±8

97±8

99±7

84±4

95±4

90±7

90±5

94±6

    
 

Tocotrienols (T3)

    
 

α

β

γ

δ

Incubation (hours)

24

48

24

48

24

48

24

48

Dose ( μ M)

20

40

80

IC 50

20

80

20

40

80

IC 50

20

80

20

40

80

IC 50

20

80

20

40

80

IC 50

20

80

LNCaP

98±6

97±4

90±7

UD

96±7

94±8

93±8

96±7

91±7

UD

97±7

89±7

93±5

89±7

67±4

92

89±8

47±4

96±6

79±6

47±4

75

89±6

42±2

PC-3

105±6

110±5

98±5

UD

99±8

106±7

78±4

61±4

31±3

54

69±4

8±2

63±3

39±2

4±1

32

51±4

6±2

73±8

52±3

10±2

41

61±3

15±2

PZ-HPV7

98±5

97±4

105±6

UD

101±4

101±8

98±6

102±6

91±5

UD

93±8

91±5

94±7

101±3

91±5

UD

88±7

86±4

97±5

99±5

96±8

UD

89±7

86±6

(B)

Mean cell proliferation in percentage (relative to time 0th)

 

Control

100  μ M α -T3

IC 50 β -T3

      

Incubation (hours)

0

24

48

72

120

144

0

24

48

72

120

144

0

24

48

72

120

144

      

LNCaP

100

101±5

121±8

137±6

123±11

157±9

100

95±5

87±6

107±5

113±8

122±10

100

79±8

64±8

44±6

59±7

48±9

      

PC-3

100

102±7

106±5

108±9

155±8

174±11

100

102±7

106±9

118±6

136±9

144±9

100

82±8

43±6

48±5

26±4

22±5

      
 

IC 50 γ -T3

IC 50 δ -T3

            

Incubation (hours)

0

24

48

72

120

144

0

24

48

72

120

144

            

LNCaP

100

59±8

49±5

45±5

37±6

32±6

100

57±4

53±4

34±2

15±5

17±3

            

PC-3

100

53±6

10±3

8±3

2±2

3±2

100

59±5

18±3

9±2

5±2

3±2

            
  1. (A) Cell viability was examined by MTT assay after treatment with different vitamin-E isomers for 24- and 48-h. Note that vitamin-E isomers, particularly tocotrienols, selectively affect the viability of the prostate cancer cells at a different degree, but do not have a significant effect on the non-tumorigenic prostate epithelial cells. PC-3 is more responsive to vitamin-E isomers compared with LNCaP. (B) LNCaP and PC-3 growth rate in the presence of γ-T3 at IC50. The IC50 dose levels correspond to that in Table 1A. For α-T3, 100 μ M was used. UD indicates undetermined IC50.
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