Table 1 Human studies on Helicobacter (H) species and gallbladder cancers (GC) or extra-hepatic biliary tract cancers (EBC) by testing method

PCR

Primer

Roe et al (1999)

Korea

EBC

Bile

16S (H276f; H676r)

H genus

6/15

UreA (HPU1; HPU2)

UreA-positive H

7/15

Bulajic et al (2002a)

Serbia

GC+EBC

Bile

16S (various), UreA

H genus

12/15

Fukuda et al (2002) ^a

Japan

GC+EBC

Bile, tissue biopsies

16S (C97–98)

H genus

10/19

16S (species specific)

H bilis

6/19

16S (species specific)

H hepaticus

4/19

UreA (HPU1; HPU2)

UreA-positive H

1/19

Matsukura et al (2002)

Japan

EBC

Bile

16S (species specific)

H bilis

13/15

Thailand

GC+EBC

Bile

16S (species specific)

H bilis

11/14

Fallone et al (2003)

Canada

EBC

Bile

16S (C97–98)

H genus

0/9

Murata et al (2004)

Japan

GC+EBC

Tissue biopsies

16S (species specific)

H bilis

4/14

Kobayashi et al (2005)

Japan

GC+EBC

Bile

16S (C97–98 or C05)

H genus

5/6

16S (species specific)

H bilis

1/5

16S (species specific)

H hepaticus

0/5

UreA

UreA-positive H

2/6

Bohr et al (2007)

Germany

GC

Tissue biopsies

16S (C97–20; H3A-20)

H genus

0/20

Histology

Stain, antibodies, etc.

Pradhan and Dali (2004)

Nepal

GC+ EBC

Tissue biopsies

Histopathology, Warthin-Starry

H genus

6/7

Bohr et al (2007)

Germany

GC

Tissue biopsies

Histopathology, Various staining

H genus

0/20

Histoimmunochemistry

H genus

0/20

Culture

Conditions

Roe et al (1999)

Korea

EBC

Bile

Fresh specimens, under microaerophilic and anaerobic conditions

H genus

0/15

Bohr et al (2007)

Germany

GC

Tissue biopsies

Fresh specimens, under microaerophilic conditions

H genus

0/5