Table 3 Helicobacter (H) species in patients with benign biliary tract diseases

From: Helicobacter species in cancers of the gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary tract

Reference	Country	Biological specimen	Method	Organism	H -positive/ total cases
PCR			Primer
Figura et al (1998)	Italy	Bile	CagA (final product 298 bp)	CagA-positive H	1/30
Fox et al (1998)	Chile	Bile, tissue biopsies	16S (C97–98 or C97–05)	H genus	22/46
			Sequencing	H bilis ^a	7/8
			Sequencing	H pullorum	1/8
Monti et al (1999)	Argentina	Bile	Not specified (final product 296 bp)	H genus	2/26
Rudi et al (1999)	Germany	Bile	16S (various species specific)	H genus	0/73
Myung et al (2000)	Korea	Bile, tissue biopsies	UreA (final product 258 bp)	H genus	5/53
			26kDa	H genus	4/53
		Stone	UreA or 26kDa	H genus	7/53
			UreA or 26kDa	H genus	0/7
Harada et al (2001)	Japan	Bile, tissue biopsies	16S (C97–98)	H genus	2/53
			UreA (final product 258 bp)	UreA-positive H	1/53
Mendez-Sanchez et al (2001)	Mexico	Tissue biopsies	16S (C97–98)	H genus	1/95
Bulajic et al (2002b)	Serbia	Bile	UreA (final product 258 bp)	H genus	35/65
Monstein et al (2002)	Sweden	Stone	16S (species specific)	H pylori	11/20
Roosendaal et al (2002)	Netherlands	Bile	16S (various specific primers)	H pylori	1/21
Chen et al (2003)	New Zealand	Tissue biopsies	16S (C97–98)	H genus	46/85
			26kDa	H genus	31/46
			16S (species specific)	H pylori	22/25
			16S (C62-C12)	H bilis	0/85
Silva et al (2003)	Brazil	Bile, tissue biopsies	16S (C97–98)	H genus	18/46
			Sequencing	H pylori	18/18
Farshad et al (2004)	Iran	Stone	16S (species specific)	H pylori	6/33
		Bile	16S (species specific)	H pylori	4/33
Abayli et al (2005)	Turkey	Stone	16S (final product 349 bp)	H genus	7/77
Apostolov et al (2005)	Ukraine	Tissue biopsies	16S (C97–98)	H genus	16/22
Neri et al (2005)	Italy	Bile, tissue biopsies	16S (C95–98)	H genus	17/33
Tiwari et al (2006)	India	Bile	16S	H genus	29/30
			16S (species specific)	H pylori	10/29
			UreA (final product 411 bp)	UreA-positive H	10/29
			CagA	CagA-positive H	9/29
Chen et al (2007)	China	Tissue biopsies	UreA (final product 411 bp)	UreA-positive H	15/81
			UreB (final product 132 bp)	UreB-positive H	18/81
			UreA or UreB	Ure-positive H	22/81
Misra et al (2007)	India	Stone	16S (species specific)	H pylori	8/11
Histology			Stain, antibodies, etc.
Arnaout et al (1990)	UK	Tissue biopsies	Histopathology, H&E (PAS), Warthin-Starry	H pylori	0/16^b
Fox et al (1998)	Chile	Tissue biopsies	Histopathology, Warthin-Starry	H genus	2/18
Mendez-Sanchez et al (2001)	Mexico	Tissue biopsies	Histopathology, H&E, Giemsa	H genus	0/95
			Immuno-histopathology, polyclonal anti H pylori	H pylori	1/95
Abayli et al (2005)	Turkey	Tissue biopsies	Histopathology, H&E, gram, Warthin-Starry	H genus	18/77
Apostolov et al (2005)	Ukraine	Tissue biopsies	Immuno-histopathology, anti-CagA, anti-VacA, anti-H pylori	H pylori	13/16^c
Chen et al (2007)	China	Tissue biopsies	Histopathology, Warthin-Starry	H genus	71/524
			Immuno-histopathology, polyclonal anti-H pylori	H pylori	37/71^d
Misra et al (2007)	India	Tissue biopsies	Histopathology, H&E (PAS), Loeffler, Warthin Starry	H genus	50/111^b
			Immuno-histopathology, polyclonal anti-H pylori	H pylori	50/111^b
Culture			Conditions
Fox et al (1998)	Chile	Bile, tissue biopsies	Frozen specimens, microaerophilic conditions	H genus	0/46
Harada et al (2001)	Japan	Bile	Frozen specimens, microaerophilic conditions	H genus	0/39
Silva et al (2003)	Brazil	Bile, tissue biopsies	Frozen specimens, microaerophilic conditions	H genus	0/46
Abayli et al (2005)	Turkey	Tissue biopsies	Fresh specimens, microaerophilic conditions	Oxydase- and ure-positive H genus	6/77

^aH species identified in this study as H rappini was later reclassified as belonging to the H bilis species (Hanninen et al, 2005).
^bOnly specimens with gastric metaplasia were investigated.
^cOnly specimens H genus-positive by PCR were investigated.
^dOnly specimens H genus-positive by histology were investigated.

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Table 3 Helicobacter (H) species in patients with benign biliary tract diseases

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