Figure 5

Protease-resistant IGFBP4 increases endothelial cell apoptosis. Sections of 4T1.2 mammary fat pad tumours transfected with (A) empty vector (pCMV), (B) plasmid expressing wild-type IGFBP4 (pCMV-BP4) or (C) plasmid expressing protease-resistant IGFBP4 (pCMV-dBP4) were stained for CD31 (to identify blood vessels), and TUNEL (to identify apoptotic cells). Red: CD31 positive, Green: TUNEL positive and Blue: nuclei stained with DAPI (original magnification × 400). (D) Apoptotic endothelial cells were counted in five high power fields of view (h.p.f.) per section from at least three mice per group. Data expressed as mean±s.e.m and analysed by ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc correction. *P<0.05 protease-resistant IGFBP4 (dBP4) vs empty vector or wild-type IGFBP4 (BP4).