Table 1 A summary of studies on the association between pickled vegetables and risk of oesophageal cancer

From: Pickled vegetables and the risk of oesophageal cancer: a meta-analysis

Study/Literature

Study place (period)

Case/control

Studied variable

Consumption rate/Matched/Adjusted a

Study design

Kinjo et al, 1998/E

Japan; Kagoshima, Okayama, Hyogo, Osaka, Aichi, Miyagi (1966–1981)

440/220 272

Pickles

No/No/Yes

Cohort; the outcome was oesophageal cancer death

Zhang et al, 2000/C

China; Cixian (1973–1997)

350/350

P. V.

Yes/Yes/No

P-B CCS

Tao et al, 1999/E

China; Shanghai (1984–1988)

71/1122

P. V.

Yes/No/Yes

Nested CCS (only men); the outcome was oesophageal cancer death

Hu et al, 1994/E

China; Heilongjiang (1985–1989)

196/392

P. Chinese cabbage

No/Yes/Yes

H-B CCS

Tran et al, 2005/E

China; Linxian (1986–2001)

1958/29 584

P. V.

No/No/Yes

Cohort

Ren and Han, 1991/C

China; Tangshan (1987–1989)

112/112

P. V.

Yes/Yes/Yes

H-B CCS

Wang et al, 1992 (Study I)/E

China; Shanxi: high-risk area (1988–1989)

210/396

P. V. juice

Yes/Yes/Yes

CCS; H-B cases, P-B controls

Wang et al, 1992 (Study II)/E

China; Shanxi: moderate-risk area (1988–1989)

116/396

P. V. juice

Yes/Yes/Yes

CCS; H-B cases, P-B controls

Chu et al, 1993/C

China; Huaian (1988–1989)

151/151

P. V.

Yes/Yes/Nob

P-B CCS

Liu et al, 2001a/C

China; Tianjin (1988–1989)

165/165

P. V.

Yes/Yes/No

P-B CCS (only men)

Cheng et al, 1992/E

Hong Kong (1989–1990)

400/1598

P. V.

Yes/Yes/Yes

H-B CCS

Wang et al, 1993/C

China; Yanting (1990–1991)

155/155

P. V.

No/Yes/Yes

H-B CCS

Chen et al, 1995/C

China; Jintang (1990–1992)

148/296

P. V.

Yes/Yes/No

P-B CCS

Shen et al, 1997/C

China; Huaian (1993–1994)

158/158

P. V.

Yes/Yes/Nob

P-B CCS

Wang et al, 1999/C

China; Yangzhong (1994–1995)

68/68

P. V.

No/Yes/Yes

H-B CCS

Gao et al, 1999/E

China; Yangzhong (1995)

81/234

P. V.

Yes/Yes/Yes

P-B CCS

Ji, 1999/C

China; Linxian (1995–1996)

67/65

P. V.

Yes/No/Yes

H-B CCS

Chen et al, 2003/C

China; Linxian (1995–1997)

702/702

P. V.

No/Yes/Yes

P-B CCS

Huang et al, 2000/C

China; Meizhou (1996–1999)

150/150

P. V.

No/Yes/Yes

H-B CCS

Takezaki et al, 2001/E

China; Pizhou (1996–2000)

199/333

P. V.

No/No/Yes

CCS; H-B cases, P-B controls

Hung et al, 2004/E

Taiwan (1996–2002)

364/532

Preserved and P. V.

Yes/Yes/Yes

H-B CCS (only men)

Chen et al, 2000/C

China; Rugao (1997–1998)

100/100

P. V.

No/Yes/No

H-B CCS

Phukan et al, 2001/E

India; Assam (1997–1998)

502/1004

Pickles

Yes/Yes/Yes

H-B CCS

Li and Yu, 2003/E

China; Chaoshan (1997–2000)

1248/1248

Pickles

No/Yes/Yes

H-B CCS

Xibib et al, 2003/E

China; Linxian (1998–2000)

211/633

Salted or P. V.

No/Yes/Yes

P-B CCS

Qi et al, 2001/C

China; Pizhou (1999)

103/103

P. V.

No/Yes/Yes

P-B CCS

Liu et al, 2001b/C

China; Tianjin (1999)

86/158

P. V.

No/No/Yes

P-B CCS

Gao et al, 2001/C

China; Huai’an (1999–2000)

93/98

P. V.

No/Yes/Yes

H-B CCS

Chen et al, 2004/C

China; Rugao (1999–2000)

100/100

P. V.

No/Yes/Yes

H-B CCS

Chitra et al, 2004/E

India; Coimbatore (1999–2000)

90/90

Pickles

Yes/Yes/No

H-B CCS

Peng et al, 2005/C

China; Anxi (2001–2002)

237/237

P. V.

No/Yes/Yes

H-B CCS

Feng et al, 2008b/C

China; Changzhi (2001–2005)

201/201

P. V.

Yes/Yes/No

H-B CCS

Yang et al, 2005/E

China; Yanting (2003–2004)

185/185

P. V.

Yes/Yes/Yes

CCS; H-B cases, P-B controls

Zhao et al, 2003/C

China; Feicheng (not reported)

217/212

P. V.

Yes/No/Yes

CCS. Origin of cases was not reported. Controls were healthy residents in a high-risk village

  1. Abbreviations: C=Chinese; CCS=case–control study; E=English; H-B=hospital-based; P=pickled; P-B=population-based; V=vegetable.
  2. aThis column shows whether the proportion of cases and controls who consumed the studied variables were reported/group- or individual-matching of controls to cases for age/reporting adjusted ORs for the association between consumption of pickled vegetables and cancer.
  3. bAdjusted ORs were also reported for these studies but because 95% CIs were not presented (Supplementary Table 1), we included their univariate results in the meta-analysis.
Back to article page