Table 3 Analysis of covariance showing demographic predictors of recall and recognition of nine warning signs of cancer
From: Awareness of cancer symptoms and anticipated help seeking among ethnic minority groups in England
| Â | Number of warning signs recalled a | Number of warning signs recognised a | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Estimated marginal mean (95% confidence interval) | Significance | Estimated marginal mean (95% confidence interval) | Significance |
Ethnic group | ||||
 Indian | 1.12 (1.31–1.22) | F(5,1487)=9.03, P<0.0001 | 4.65 (4.47–4.84) | F(5,1487)=12.33, P<0.0001 |
 Pakistani | 1.38 (1.27–1.50) |  | 4.77 (4.54–5.01) |  |
 Bangladeshi | 1.10 (0.92–1.28) |  | 5.51 (5.15–5.86) |  |
 Caribbean | 1.42 (1.27–1.56) |  | 5.24 (4.96–5.53) |  |
 African | 0.92 (0.79–1.06) |  | 4.24 (3.96–4.51) |  |
 Chinese | 1.31 (1.12–1.50) |  | 5.47 (5.09–5.85) |  |
Language | ||||
 English | 1.33 (1.23–1.43) | F(1,1487)=12.49, P<0.0001 | 5.26 (5.07–5.44) | F(1,1487)=16.78, P<0.0001 |
 Other | 1.09 (1.00–1.17) |  | 4.71 (4.54–4.87) |  |
Age | ||||
 18–24 | 1.15 (1.04–1.26) | F(4,1487)=1.93, P=0.10 | 4.80 (4.58–5.01) | F(4,1487)=6.97, P<0.0001 |
 25–34 | 1.15 (1.05–1.26) |  | 4.57 (4.36–4.77) |  |
 35–44 | 1.32 (1.21–1.43) |  | 5.15 (4.93–5.37) |  |
 45–54 | 1.16 (1.02–1.30) |  | 5.10 (4.83–5.37) |  |
 55+ | 1.27 (1.13–1.41) |  | 5.29 (5.02–5.56) |  |
Sex | ||||
 Female | 1.22 (1.15–1.30) | F(1,1487)=0.35, P=0.55 | 5.00 (4.85–5.16) | F(1,1487)=0.18, P=0.68 |
 Male | 1.19 (1.12–1.27) |  | 4.96 (4.80–5.11) |  |
Social class | ||||
 ABC1 | 1.28 (1.19–1.36) | F(1,1487)=6.12, P=0.01 | 5.10 (4.93–5.28) | F(1,1487)=5.45, P=0.02 |
 C2DE | 1.14 (1.07–1.22) |  | 4.86 (4.72–5.00) |  |
