Figure 5
(A) Effects of treatment with vehicle control (0.9% saline), maximum tolerated dose gemcitabine (MTD gem; 240 mg kg−1 on days 1, 8, and 15), or metronomic gemcitabine (30 mg kg−1, q3d) for 4 weeks on hypoxia and average distance between vessels in PaCa8 and PaCa13 tumours. Columns, mean of 3–5 tumours; bars, s.e. *P<0.05, significantly different from that of vehicle control. #P<0.05, significantly different from that of MTD gemcitabine. (B) Effects of the three treatments on apoptosis of endothelial cells (CD31 and c-casp3 double-positive pixels) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (α-SMA and c-casp3 double-positive pixels) in PaCa8 and PaCa13 tumours. Columns, mean of 2–5 tumours; bars, s.e. c-casp3, cleaved-caspase 3. *P<0.05, significantly different from that of vehicle control.
