Table 2 Association of maternal pain reliever use during pregnancy and the risk of infant leukaemiaa

From: Analgesic use during pregnancy and risk of infant leukaemia: A Children's Oncology Group study

  

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

Acute myeloid leukaemia

 

N (%)

N (%)

OR

95% CI

N (%)

OR

95% CI

Aspirin

 Before knowledge of pregnancy

       

Any use

       

 No

287 (89.4)

236 (90.4)

1.00

Reference

158 (94.6)

1.00

Reference

 Yes

34 (10.6)

25 (9.6)

1.03

0.58–1.85

9 (5.4)

0.55

0.24–1.26

Regular useb

       

 No

308 (96.3)

253 (96.9)

1.00

Reference

163 (97.6)

1.00

Reference

 Yes

12 (3.8)

8 (3.1)

1.25

0.48–3.31

4 (2.4)

0.80

0.22–2.97

 After knowledge of pregnancy

       

Any use

       

 No

309 (96.3)

252 (96.6)

1.00

Reference

163 (97.0)

1.00

Reference

 Yes

12 (3.7)

9 (3.5)

1.21

0.48–3.05

5 (3.0)

0.96

0.32–2.92

Regular useb

       

 No

314 (97.8)

255 (97.7)

1.00

Reference

166 (98.8)

1.00

Reference

 Yes

7 (2.2)

6 (2.3)

1.55

0.49–4.97

2 (1.2)

0.69

0.13–3.56

Non-aspirin NSAIDS

 Before knowledge of pregnancy

       

Any use

       

 No

219 (68.2)

168 (64.9)

1.00

Reference

130 (77.4)

1.00

Reference

 Yes

102 (31.8)

91 (35.1)

1.15

0.80–1.67

38 (22.6)

0.60

0.37–0.97

Regular useb

       

 No

293 (91.3)

231 (89.2)

1.00

Reference

158 (94.1)

1.00

Reference

 Yes

28 (8.7)

28 (10.8)

1.41

0.78–2.57

10 (6.0)

0.68

0.29–1.59

 After knowledge of pregnancy

       

Any use

       

 No

292 (91.0)

232 (88.9)

1.00

Reference

158 (94.1)

1.00

Reference

 Yes

29 (9.0)

29 (11.1)

1.33

0.75–2.37

10 (6.0)

0.81

0.36–1.83

Regular useb

       

 No

315 (98.1)

252 (96.6)

1.00

Reference

166 (98.8)

1.00

Reference

 Yes

6 (1.9)

9 (3.5)

1.94

0.64–5.93

2 (1.2)

0.73

0.13–4.02

Acetaminophen

 Before knowledge of pregnancy

       

Any use

       

 No

113 (35.2)

92 (35.3)

1.00

Reference

76 (45.2)

1.00

Reference

 Yes

208 (64.8)

169 (64.8)

1.16

0.80–1.68

92 (54.8)

0.66

0.43–1.01

Regular useb

       

 No

268 (83.5)

215 (82.4)

1.00

Reference

146 (86.9)

1.00

Reference

 Yes

53 (16.5)

46 (17.6)

1.11

0.70–1.78

22 (13.1)

0.83

0.45–1.52

 After knowledge of pregnancy

       

Any use

       

 No

94 (29.4)

80 (30.7)

1.00

Reference

57 (33.9)

1.00

Reference

 Yes

226 (70.6)

181 (69.4)

1.03

0.70–1.53

111 (66.1)

0.79

0.50–1.24

Regular useb

       

 No

247 (77.2)

191 (73.2)

1.00

Reference

137 (81.6)

1.00

Reference

 Yes

73 (22.8)

70 (26.8)

1.27

0.85–1.90

31 (18.5)

0.77

0.46–1.30

  1. Abbreviations: CI=confidence interval; NSAIDs=non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; OR=odds ratio.
  2. aLogistic regression models are adjusted for maternal age (15–24, 25–29, 30–34, 35–45), race (white, black, Hispanic, other), alcohol consumption during pregnancy (yes/no), household income (<$30 000, $30 001–$75 000, >$75 000), and index child's year of birth (continuous).
  3. bRegular use of a pain reliever before and after knowledge of pregnancy is defined as ⩾5 and ⩾10 times, respectively.
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