Table 1 Summary of the results of an ANOVA on developmental traits (larval period, pupal period and pupal weight), reproductive traits (preoviposition period, oviposition period, number of ovipositions, average clutch size and total fecundity) and longevity after adult eclosion

From: Genetic basis and fitness consequences of winglessness in the two-spot ladybird beetle, Adalia bipunctata

 

Wingless

Winged

d.f.

F

P

Larval period (days)

17.7±0.3 (55)

17.1±0.1 (176)

1, 216

4.059

0.045

Pupal period (days)

7.2±0.1 (55)

6.9±0.04 (176)

1, 216

7.938

0.005

Pupal weight (mg)

12.6±0.3 (55)

12.7±0.1 (176)

1, 216

0.116

0.734

Preoviposition period (days)

11.0±0.8 (21)

12.7±0.4 (95)

1, 108

5.579

0.020

Oviposition period (days)

25.6±6.9 (21)

56.7±3.4 (95)

1, 108

18.937

<0.001

Number of ovipositions

22.0±6.1 (21)

49.8±3.0 (95)

1, 108

20.347

<0.001

Average clutch size

12.5±1.1 (21)

15.1±0.5 (95)

1, 108

5.390

0.022

Total fecundity

283.3±116.1 (21)

809.9±56.5 (95)

1, 108

21.577

<0.001

Longevity after eclosion (days)

37.9±6.9 (21)

70.5±3.4 (95)

1, 108

25.520

<0.001

  1. Adjusted least means for wingless and winged are presented with standard errors. Sample sizes are indicated in parentheses. For developmental traits, an ANOVA was performed with sex, family, wing status, family × wing status as factors. No significant family × wing status interaction was detected (not shown). For reproductive traits and longevity, an ANOVA was performed with family and wing status as factors.
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