Table 3 Results of nested clade analysis showing clade (Dc), nested (Dn) and interior to tip clade (I–T) distances

Nesting level	Haplotype/clade no.	Location	Dc	Dn	χ²–P	Inference key conclusion
1–3	4	Tip	0^S	132.88	0.0310	RG-IBD
	5	Tip	0	132.88
	6	Interior	117.24	154.96
		I–T	117.24^L	22.08
1–5	8	Tip	0	288.47	0.0120	CRE
	9	Tip	0	1385.66^L
	10	Tip	0	1385.66
	11	Tip	681.28	594.75
	12	Interior	218.63^S	322.25^S
		I–T	−159.85	−502.11^S
1–9	18	Tip	0^S	1184.90	0.0000	RG-LDD
	19	Tip	0	636.90
	20	Tip	0	683.23
	21	Tip	0^S	1138.68^L
	22	Interior	306.90^S	685.03^S
		I–T	306.90^L	−458.94^S
1–14	24	Tip	0	944.60	0.0000	CRE
	25	Tip	0	524.86
	26	Tip	0	779.94
	27	Tip	0	944.60
	28	Tip	0	246.65
	29	Interior	369.59^S	377.17^S
		I–T	369.59	−353.71^S
1–15	33	Tip	0^S	285.91^S	0.0170	RG-IBD
	34	Interior	0	1497.21
	35	Tip	0	1482.21
		I–T	0^L	1078.38
2–7	1–11	Tip	0^S	654.36^L	0.0000	RG-LDD
	1–12	Tip	0^S	639.92^L
	1–13	Tip	0^S	59.15^S
	1–14	Interior	389.62^S	475.92
	1–15	Tip	479.72	1425.20^L
		I–T	337.47^L	−165.53^S
3–2	2–3	Tip	641.73	970.28^L	0.0040	CRE
	2–4	Interior	465.20^S	571.97^S
		I–T	−176.53	−398.31^S
3–3	2–7	Tip	496.40^S	531.25^S	0.0000	No I/T clades
	2–8	Tip	972.88^L	1003.07^L
		I–T	n/a	N/a
4–1	3–1	Tip	136.44^S	1937.99^L	0.000	PF-RE-SC
	3–2	Interior	646.58^S	1532.68^L
	3–3	Tip	645.06^S	732.39^S
		I–T	508.80^L	−1111.83^S

Only clades with significant permutational χ² probabilities for geographic structure have been included.
Significantly small or large values for Dc, Dn and I–T (Dc and Dn) are indicated by superscript ‘S’ and ‘L’, respectively. Inference key conclusions using Templeton's updated key for NCA (Templeton, 2004). Conclusions as follows: RG-IBD, restricted gene flow with isolation by distance; CRE, contiguous range expansion; RG-LDD, restricted gene flow with some long distance dispersal; PF-RE-SC, past fragmentation followed by range expansion and secondary contact.

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