Figure 1

Genetic correlations between resistance (ELISA absorbance) and the performance of uninfected (control) plants based on (a) flower production and (b) aboveground biomass. As the breeding value signs for ELISA absorbance have been reversed, costs of resistance would be revealed by significant negative genetic correlations. The additive genetic correlations (r) were estimated using the restricted maximum-likelihood estimation procedure in Quercus (Shaw, 1987; Shaw and Shaw, 1994). Sire breeding values were obtained as twice the difference between a sire's mean progeny performance and the grand mean (Falconer and MacKay, 1996). Approximate standard errors are 0.301 and 0.302 for the correlations in (a) and (b), respectively.