Table 3 Summary of nucleotide diversity (π), haplotype diversity (h), and the population growth parameters Θ, g, Fu's F_S and Tajima's D for CR sequences to test the hypotheses of demographic expansion of population groups of vicuna. Θ_w (Watterson, 1975) was used to estimate Θ_g=0 and to give an initial value for g (Kuhner et al., 1998)

Population groups	h±s.d.	π±s.d.	Θ _w ±s.d.	Θ _g =var±approx s.d.	g±approx s.d.	F_S	D
All populations	0.7663±0.0247	0.0119±0.0066	0.021.±0.007	0.084±0.016	262.586±56.375	−11.125^**	−0.309 NS
Inside diagonal	0.8758±0.0610	0.0265±0.0144	0.021±0.010	0.046±0.014	121.993±47.214	1.349 NS	2.213 NS
Outside diagonal	0.7540±0.0257	0.0099±0.0057	0.022±0.079	0.069±0.014	231.104±56.826	−7.734^*	−0.754 NS
Vicugna	0.9031±0.0362	0.0253±0.0135	0.021±0.009	0.037±0.009	99.088±42.219	−0.086 NS	2.123 NS
Mensalis	0.7350±0.0269	0.0082±0.0049	0.022±0.008	0.064±0.014	237.565±58.460	−5.629 NS	−0.873 NS
Peru	0.7165±0.0284	0.0068±0.0041	0.012±0.005	0.268±0.143	1579.847±287.683	−3.705 NS	0.229 NS
Chile	0.8563±0.0156	0.0221±0.0118	0.019±0.008	0.039±0.009	109.798±43.307	−1.124 NS	1.500 NS
Chile mensalis	0.8369±0.0751	0.0178±0.0098	0.021±0.009	0.029±0.008	81.846±46.863	0.544 NS	0.592 NS
Chile vicugna	0.8788±0.0751	0.0274±0.0153	0.012±0.009	0.034±0.014	167.669±71.516	1.535 NS	1.863 NS
Argentina	0.8857±0.0686	0.0246±0.0136	0.022±0.011	0.030±0.009	72.355±43.398	0.286 NS	1.269 NS

Abbreviations: CR, control region; NS, not significant; s.d., standard deviation.
^**P<0.01, ^*P<0.05, NS P>0.05.
These values were then used to estimate Θ_g=var and g and their standard deviations, calculated from the two-dimensional likelihood curve of the joint estimates of Θ_g=var and g.

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