Table 3 Mean estimates of location (μ) and scale (σ) parameters with Minimum Distance (MD) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) methodologies. Values in parentheses are the empirical standard deviations over 200 replicates. The power in detecting differences between QTL means (∏_μ) and standard deviations (∏_σ) is also shown. Population size 500, μ₁ = σ₁ = 1; (a) 5 outliers; (b) 25 outliers

From: Robust QTL effect estimation using the Minimum Distance method