Fig. 1

Map of collection sites of populations of Biorhiza pallida. Spain: (1) Prado del Rey (2–8) Guadalix de la Sierra; Los Molinos; Zarzalejo; Avila-El Escorial; Cercedilla; Soto del Real; Villaviciosa. Northern Spain: (9) Puerto de Velate. Hungary: (10–16) Tiszaigar; Mátrafüred, Szentendre; Karcag; Bajna; Szeghalom; Visegrad. France: (17) Rennes; (18) St Jean pied de Porte; (19) Clermont-l’Hérault. U.K. (20–39) Cambridge; Hertford; Birnwood Forest; Oxford; Isle of Wight; Hampstead Heath; Fakenham; Broughton; SW Lincoln; Thetford; Elsfield; London; Ascot; Cawood; Chatham; West Shropshire; Grace Dieu Wood; Shorne; Hertingfordbury; Stoughton. Sweden: (40) Uppsala. Italy: (41) Chianti; (42) Volterra; (43) Casina. Ireland: (44) Dublin. Switzerland: (45) Luin. Populations in bold italics in central Spain (2–8) indicate absence of Wolbachia infection.