Table a1 Clinical Characteristics of 125 from 142 Infants with Kernicterus Discharged as Healthy (Pilot Kernicterus Registry)

From: Kernicterus: Epidemiological Strategies for Its Prevention through Systems-Based Approaches

Source/code

Birth year

BW (g)

GA (weeks)

Sex/race

Discharge day

Readmit age (day)

Readmit TSB

Peak TSB

Acute BIND

Ex Tx

Photo Rx

Likely cause

Follow-up

Icteric sequelae

Comments

C-001

1994

3260

36

m/W

0.5

4.0

35.0

35.0

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Idiopathic

Yes

Moderate

ABO Coombs neg

C-002

1993

3725

39

m/A

0.5

4.0

40.2

40.2

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Hemolysis

Yes

Severe

ABO Coombs pos

L-003

1988

3785

39

unk/H

0.5

4.0

45.0

45.0

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Idiopathic

Yes

Severe

ExTx delayed 12 hours. (Jehovah Witness)

M-004

1996

3000

36

f/B

0.5

4.5

40.9

40.9

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Idiopathic

Yes

Severe

Hct 45%, wt loss

M-005

1997

3884

38

m/W

0.5

5.0

46.0

46.0

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Hemolysis

Yes

Severe

ABO Coombs neg, jaundice <24 hours age, Na 149 mEq/L

M-006

1993

3856

41

f/W

1.0

2.5

22.4

22.4

Advanced

No

Yes

Idiopathic

Yes

Severe

Dehydration, Na 153 mEq/l

L-007

1995

3544

39

f/A

1.0

3.0

27.8

27.8

Subtle

Yes

Yes

Infection

Yes

None

Urosepsis (E. coli), MRI (at day 5): inc. globus pallidus signal

M-008

1995

2920

37

m/B

1.0

3.0

33.0

36.7

Advanced

No

Yes

G6PD

Yes

Severe

Hct 40%, Presumed sepsis

C/M-009

1990

2015

36

f/W

1.0

3.5

41.8

41.8

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Idiopathic

Yes

Severe

Plethora, ABO Coombs neg

M-010

1998

3629

39

f/W

1.0

3.5

52.0

52.0

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Idiopathic

Yes

Severe

Family history, jaundice <24 hours age

L/C-011

1995

2614

39

f/B

1.0

4.0

33.0

33.0

Moderate

No

Yes

Idiopathic

Yes

Moderate

Hct 43%

P-012

1999

4026

39

m/W

1.0

4.0

39.0

45.0

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Birth trauma

Yes

Severe

Precipitous labor, family history of jaundice

P-013

2002

3714

40

m/W

1.0

4.0

44.8

44.8

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Hemolysis

Yes

Severe

Congenital spherocytosis, Hct 27%, peak TSB 49 mg/dl

P-014

2000

4200

35

f/W

1.0

5.0

27.0

31.5

Subtle

No

Yes

Birth trauma

Yes

Severe

Plethora at birth

L/C-015

1994

3489

39

m/W

1.0

5.0

30.6

30.6

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Idiopathic

Yes

None

Hct 38%, Albumin before ExTx

L-016

1996

2637

39

m/H

1.0

5.0

34.8

34.8

Moderate

Yes

Yes

Idiopathic

Yes

None

Hct 48%

M-017

1996

3450

39

f/H

1.0

5.0

37.0

46.0

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Hemolysis

Yes

Severe

ABO Coombs pos, jaundice <24 hours age

L-018

1993

3147

39

m/B

1.0

5.0

42.5

42.5

Advanced

Yes

Yes

G6PD

Yes

Severe

Mild anemia, no evident hemolysis

M-019

1992

3685

39

m/B

1.0

5.5

46.8

46.8

Advanced

No

Yes

G6PD

Died

Died

Moribund on readmission

C-020

1995

3130

39

m/H

1.0

6.0

28.5

28.5

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Hemolysis

Yes

Severe

ABO, Coombs unk, Hct 42%

M-021

1997

3680

37

m/W

1.0

6.0

29.3

32.5

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Birth trauma

Yes

Severe

13% wt loss at day 6, Hct 44%

M-022

1994

3048

35

f/W

1.0

6.0

31.0

31.0

Advanced

No

Yes

Birth trauma

Yes

Severe

11% wt loss at day 6

P-023

2002

2745

38

f/W

1.0

6.0

46.2

46.2

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Hemolysis

No

Severe

ABO Coombs pos, jaundice <24 hours age

P-024

1993

3487

37

m/H

1.0

8.5

41.3

53.9

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Birth trauma

Yes

Severe

Hct 43%

P-025

1994

3090

37

m/W

1.0

12.0

41.0

41.0

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Idiopathic

Yes

Severe

ABO Coombs neg 17% wt loss (day 12)

P-026

1997

3433

39

m/W

1.0

None

None

None

Moderate

No

No

Idiopathic

Yes

Moderate

ABO, Coombs: unk, prolonged jaundice (>8 weeks)

M-027

1993

3355

37

f/W

1.0

None

Not done

None

Advanced

No

No

Hemolysis

Yes

Severe

ABO Coombs: unk,16% wt. loss d15, arching (at age 1 week), Peak TSB unk

C-028

1999

3720

40.5

m/B

1.5

3.0

21.4

21.4

Moderate

No

Yes

Idiopathic

Lost

UNK

Lost to follow-up

C-029

1991

2865

39

m/H

1.5

3.0

38.4

38.4

Advanced

Yes

Yes

G6PD

No

Severe

Hct 40%, abnormal RBC smear

M-030

1991

3374

39

f/W

1.5

3.0

38.4

44.5

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Idiopathic

Yes

Severe

Hct 52%, father with Gilbert's syndrome

C-031

1998

3600

37

f/W

1.5

3.5

38.5

38.5

Subtle

Yes

Yes

Idiopathic

<1 yr

Moderate

ABO Coombs neg, Hct 64%

C-032

2001

3994

38

m/W

1.5

4.0

22.0

27.0

Moderate

Yes

Yes

Idiopathic

Yes

None

14% wt loss at day 4, Na 152 mEq/l

M-033

1999

3510

39

m/B

1.5

4.0

33.6

37.2

Moderate

No

Yes

Hemolysis

Yes

Severe

ABO Coombs neg, Hct 41%

P-034

2001

3468

38.5

m/W

1.5

4.0

38.0

41.0

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Birth trauma

Yes

Severe

Jaundice noted at age 24 hours

L-035

2000

3203

38

f/H

1.5

3.0

46.9

46.9

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Idiopathic

Yes

None

Sibling treated for jaundice

P-036

2001

3572

39.6

m/W

1.5

4.5

28.3

28.3

Subtle

No

Yes

Birth trauma

Yes

Severe

Family (sibling) history of jaundice

M/L-037

1991

2665

36

f/B

1.5

4.5

37.0

39.5

Advanced

Yes

Yes

G6PD

Yes

Severe

Hemolysis trigger unk, Hct 28%

M-038

1996

2892

36

f/W

1.5

5.0

27.0

28.7

Moderate

No

Yes

Birth trauma

Yes

Severe

Partially treated perinatal sepsis, Hct 50%, Na 150 mEq/l

M-039

1997

3985

39

f/A

1.5

5.0

30.4

37.8

Advanced

YES

Yes

Birth trauma

Yes

Moderate

ABO Coombs neg,15% wt loss at day 5, Na 152 mEq/l

C-040

1996

2500

38

m/B

1.5

5.0

41.3

41.3

Advanced

Yes

Yes

G6PD

Died

Severe

Urosepsis, Hct 22%, died at 6 months

M-041

1993

2925

38

m/B

1.5

5.0

45.9

45.9

Advanced

Yes

Yes

G6PD

Died

Died

Incomplete evaluation of hyperbilirubinemia

L-042

1994

2840

37

m/A

1.5

5.0

49.2

49.2

Advanced

Yes

Yes

G6PD

Died

Died

13.6% wt loss at day 5, neutropenia, no hemolysis

M-043

2000

3180

39

m/W

1.5

5.0

59.9

59.9

Moderate

Yes

Yes

Hemolysis

Yes

Severe

ABO, Coombs pos, jaundice at age 9 hours, wt loss >20%

M-044

1992

2380

36

f/A

1.5

5.5

32.0

32.0

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Birth trauma

Yes

Severe

13% wt loss at day 5.5, Plethora, Hct 64%

M-045

1995

2863

37

m/W

1.5

5.5

34.6

34.6

Advanced

No

Yes

Hemolysis

Yes

Severe

ABO Coombs: unk, otitis media

C-046

1997

3650

38

m/A

1.5

6.0

25.6

25.6

Advanced

Yes

Yes

G6PD

Yes

None

Albumin before exchange, Hct 50%, Na 154 mEq/l

M-047

2001

3310

36

m/H

1.5

6.0

33.5

33.5

Subtle

Yes

Yes

Idiopathic

Yes

Severe

Bruising, Hct 42%

L-048

1995

3400

41

m/B

1.5

6.0

41.0

41.0

Advanced

Yes

Yes

G6PD

Yes

Severe

Concurrent sepsis (E. coli)

C-049

1996

4280

39

m/A

1.5

6.0

45.7

45.7

Advanced

Yes

Yes

G6PD

Yes

Moderate

Hemolysis trigger: mothball exposure

L-050

1988

unk

39

unk/B

1.5

7.0

24.0

28.0

Advanced

Yes

Yes

G6PD

Yes

Severe

Direct bilirubin 9 mg/dl at day 7

P-051

2002

3057

38.5

m/W

1.5

7

31.0

41.0

Subtle

No

Yes

Hemolysis

Yes

Moderate

Wt loss: 15%, ABO, Coombs pos

P-052

2000

3317

36

m/W

1.5

7.0

35.0

35.0

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Hemolysis

Yes

None

Plethora, 17% wt loss at day 7.0

C-053

1994

4455

41

m/W

1.5

7.0

42.0

42.0

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Idiopathic

Lost

Severe

Follow-up incomplete

M-054

1990

2608

36

m/B

1.5

8.0

33.7

36.4

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Idiopathic

Yes

Severe

Hct 43%

P-055

1989

4224

38

m/W

1.5

8.5

37.0

39.0

Moderate

Yes

Yes

Idiopathic

Yes

Severe

Seen by MD at day 7.5, no TSB done

M-056

1995

2700

36

m/B

1.5

10.0

32.5

32.5

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Idiopathic

Yes

Severe

Hct 41%

C-057

1996

3150

36

m/W

1.5

11.0

40.0

40.0

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Hemolysis

Yes

Severe

Hct 22%, abnormal RBC morphology, hemolysis cause unk.

P-058

1997

3033

36.5

m/W

1.5

13.0

25.0

27.7

Advanced

No

Yes

Hemolysis

Yes

Severe

Hct 18%, abnormal RBC morphology

M-059

2002

3199

37

m/W

1.5

19.0

44.7

44.7

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Idiopathic

Yes

Severe

Hct 43%, direct bilirubin 1.7 mg/dl

M-060

1994

3062

37

m/W

1.5

None

31.6

31.6

Moderate

No

Yes

Hemolysis

Yes

Severe

ABO Coombs pos, home phototherapy day 4 for TSB 31.6 mg/dl

P-061

2000

2951

38

f/W

1.5

None

Not done

None

Subtle

No

No

Birth trauma

Yes

Severe

First office visit at d12 (TSB=13 mg/dl), peak TSB Unk.

M-062

2001

2715

37.5

f/B

2.0

3.5

35.0

38.4

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Hemolysis

Yes

Severe

ABO Coombs pos, Hct 31%, retic 18%, Bacteremia g+cocci bacillus species

M-063

2000

2438

36

f/W

2.0

3.5

35.4

35.4

Advanced

No

Yes

Idiopathic

Died

Died

Plethora, bruising

M-064

1999

3626

38

m/B

2.0

3.5

39.0

44.0

Moderate

Yes

Yes

G6PD

No

Severe

9% wt loss at day 3.5, Hct 50%

M-065

2001

3260

36

m/B

2.0

4.0

33.0

34.0

Subtle

Yes

Yes

Idiopathic

Yes

Severe

ABO Coombs negative, IDM

M-066

1984

2850

36.5

m/W

2.0

4.0

33.9

39.8

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Birth trauma

Yes

Moderate

Hct 53%, family (sibling) history of jaundice

M-067

1992

2825

37.5

m/B

2.0

4.0

34.5

34.5

Advanced

No

Yes

Idiopathic

Yes

Severe

Hct 45%

C-068

1995

3459

39

m/B

2.0

4.0

39.2

39.2

Advanced

Yes

Yes

G6PD

Yes

Severe

Neutropenia, presumed sepsis, Hct 38%

M-069

1993

2625

40

M/B

2.0

4.0

44.2

46.0

Advanced

Yes

Yes

G6PD

Yes

Severe

Hct 45%, hemolytic trigger: mothball exposure

L-070

1992

3400

39

m/H

2.0

4.0

50.1

50.1

Advanced

Yes

Yes

G6PD

Yes

Severe

Sepsis (E. coli)

C/L-071

2002

2609

40

m/B

2.0

4.5

31.7

31.7

Advanced

No

Yes

G6PD

Died

Died

9% wt loss at day 4.0, Hct 34%

P-072

2002

3402

38

m/W

2.0

4.5

38.0

38.0

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Idiopathic

Yes

Severe

Jaundice noted before 24 hours age

L-073

1989

3150

39

m/W

2.0

5.0

28.7

29.5

Subtle

Yes

Yes

Hemolysis

Yes

None

ABO Coombs pos, failed BAER at d/c (passed at 6 months)

P-074

2001

2384

35

M/W

2.0

5.0

31.0

31.0

Moderate

Yes

Yes

Idiopathic

Yes

Severe

Mom has congenital spherocytosis

M-075

1990

2790

36.5

m/W

2.0

5.0

36.8

39.8

Advanced

Yes

Yes

G6PD

Yes

Severe

E. coli sepsis, birth trauma, ABO Coombs neg

M-076

1995

4687

39

f/H

2.0

5.0

37.0

46.5

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Hemolysis

Yes

Severe

ABO Coombs neg, abnormal RBC morphology, Hct 39

M-077

1991

2835

36

f/W

2.0

5.0

41.1

44.4

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Hemolysis

Yes

Severe

20% wt loss at day 5

M-078

1993

3260

39

f/H

2.0

6.0

30.2

38.0

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Hemolysis

Yes

Severe

Plethora, hemolysis cause: unk

M-079

1996

3350

36

m/W

2.0

6.0

34.7

34.7

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Idiopathic

Yes

Severe

Hct 56%

P-080

2000

3178

37.5

m/W

2.0

6.0

35.0

42.0

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Idiopathic

Yes

Severe

14% wt loss at day 6

C-081

1987

3175

37

m/W

2.0

6.0

41.8

41.8

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Idiopathic

Yes

Severe

18% wt loss at day 6, Hct 57%

P-082

2002

3320

37

f/W

2.0

6.5

25.3

25.3

Advanced

No

Yes

Birth trauma

Yes

Moderate

ABO Coombs pos, Hct 51%, jaundice <24 hours

M-083

2000

3856

37.5

m/W

2.0

6.5

28.6

36.2

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Birth trauma

Yes

Severe

Hct 45%

M-084

1991

3310

38

m/B

2.0

7.0

21.5

36.0

Advanced

Yes

Yes

G6PD

No

Severe

TSB 36 at day 10.8, nosocomial sepsis day 11

C-085

1998

unk

39

f/B

2.0

7.0

48.0

48.0

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Infection

Yes

Severe

Vomiting for 4 days, intraosseous fluids. Hct 28%

P-086

2002

2724

37

m/B

2.0

7.0

33.0

33.0

Moderate

Yes

Yes

G6PD

Yes

Moderate

Family (maternal) history of jaundice

P-087

1994

3572

38

m/W

2.0

7.0

39.0

39.0

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Idiopathic

Yes

Mild

Apneic spells on admission

P-088

1998

3263

39

f/W

2.0

7.0

42.0

42.0

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Idiopathic

Yes

Severe

Atraumatic forceps delivery

C-089

2002

2700

35.5

m/B

2.0

7.0

46.2

46.2

Advanced

Yes

Yes

G6PD

Yes

Severe

Urosepsis (Citrobacter)

L-090

1996

3210

39

m/W

2.0

7.0

47.9

47.9

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Galactosemia

Yes

Severe

15% wt loss at day 7

C-091

1996

2808

39

m/B

2.0

8.0

30.0

30.0

Moderate

Yes

Yes

G6PD

Yes

None

Cephalohematoma

M-092

1987

2700

36.5

m/B

2.0

8.0

32.0

35.0

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Idiopathic

Yes

Severe

ABO Coombs neg, Hct 47%

L-093

1992

unk

39

unk/W

2.0

8.0

49.4

49.4

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Idiopathic

Yes

Severe

Persistent incr. signals in globus pallidus on multiple MRI <1 year age

M-094

1992

3050

38

f/W

2.0

10.0

49.4

49.4

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Hemolysis

Yes

Severe

ABO, Coombs neg, Hct 23%

C-095

1997

3415

39

m/W

2.0

11.5

21.6

21.6

Advanced

No

Yes

Infection

Yes

Severe

Clostridium sepsis, >20% wt loss at day 11.5, Na 166 mEq/l, ABO Coombs neg

M-096

1992

3175

35

m/H

2.0

14.0

29.4

32.7

Moderate

Yes

Yes

Birth trauma

Yes

Severe

Hct 51%

P-097

2000

3320

35.7

f/W

2.0

None

not done

None

Subtle

No

No

Idiopathic

Yes

Severe

Prolonged marked jaundice (>6weeks)

P-098

2001

4075

39

m/W

2.0

None

Not done

Unk

Moderate

No

No

Idiopathic

Yes

Severe

Prolonged jaundiced (>8 weeks), TSB 20 done and recorded at day 4.

M-099

2001

3487

39

m/B

2.5

4.0

41.4

41.4

Advanced

Yes

Yes

G6PD

Yes

Severe

Hct 42%, no sepsis

P/M-100

1992

3289

39

f/W

2.5

4.5

23.8

23.8

Advanced

No

Yes

Birth trauma

Yes

Severe

20% wt loss at day 4.5, Hct 50%

M-101

2000

3346

36.5

m/W

2.5

5.0

39.5

39.5

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Idiopathic

Yes

Severe

16% wt loss at day 5

C-102

1994

3025

36

f/W

2.5

5.5

36.0

36.0

Subtle

Yes

Yes

Idiopathic

Yes

Severe

15% wt loss at day 5.5

P-103

1993

3062

37

m/A

2.5

7.0

31.4

31.4

Advanced

Yes

Yes

G6PD

Yes

Severe

Birth trauma, 15% wt. loss at day 7, Na 161 mEq/l

P-104

1989

3260

38.5

m/W

2.5

7.0

40.0

40.0

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Birth trauma

Yes

Severe

Jaundice <24 hours age

P-105

1987

2977

40

m/W

2.5

9.0

24.5

24.5

Advanced

No

Yes

Idiopathic

Yes

Severe

Hct 56%, TSB at day 8.5 was 23.5 mg/dl

P-106

1998

4309

38

m/W

2.5

12.5

29.3

29.3

Moderate

No

Yes

Hemolysis

Yes

Severe

ABO Coombs neg, Hct 43%, jaundice < 24 hours

C-107

1993

3296

38

m/W

2.5

15.0

28.9

28.9

Advanced

No

Yes

Idiopathic

Yes

Severe

Weak suck, arching (age 1 week)

P-108

1998

3757

36

m/W

3.0

5.0

30.0

30.0

Subtle

No

Yes

Birth trauma

Yes

Moderate

Prolonged jaundiced (>6 weeks)

L-109

1985

3771

37

m/W

3.0

5.0

39.0

39.0

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Idiopathic

Yes

Severe

>20% wt loss at day 5, Hct 70%

C-110

2002

unk

39

m/B

3.0

6.0

39.0

39.0

Moderate

Yes

Yes

Infection

Yes

Moderate

Probable urosepsis

M-111

1993

2905

36

f/B

3.0

6.0

43.0

43.0

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Hemolysis

Yes

Severe

Hct 36%, abnormal RBC morphology

L-112

1979

2820

37

m/W

3.0

7.0

49.7

49.7

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Idiopathic

Yes

Severe

11% wt loss at day 7, Hct 50%

P-113

1999

3348

39

f/W

3.0

10.0

24.0

24.0

Moderate

No

Yes

Idiopathic

Yes

Moderate

Prolonged jaundiced >4 weeks

L-114

1989

4280

39

m/W

3.0

10.0

40.3

40.3

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Idiopathic

Yes

Severe

Hct 49%

P-115

1994

3632

39.5

m/W

3.0

None

None

None

Moderate

No

No

Idiopathic

Yes

Moderate

Jaundice >8weeks, peak TSB unk

M-116

1986

2977

37

f/W

3.5

16.0

20.7

20.7

Moderate

No

Yes

Idiopathic

Yes

Moderate

Plethora

C-117

1987

3250

39

f/W

4.0

8.0

41.0

41.0

Moderate

Yes

Yes

Birth trauma

No

Moderate

Hct 40%

P-118

1994

2325

38

m/W

4.0

None

None

None

Moderate

No

No

Idiopathic

Yes

Moderate

12% wt loss at day 4

C-119

2000

2977

37

m/B

6.0

13.0

54.0

54.0

Advanced

Yes

Yes

G6PD

Yes

Severe

10.5% wt loss at day 13

C-120

1999

3700

38

m/W

HB

3.0

41.3

41.3

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Crigler-Najjar

Lost

Severe

ABO Coombs neg, abnormal RBC morphology, Hct 66%, Na 149 mEq/l

C-121

1998

Unk

Unk

m/W

HB

5.0

40.0

40.0

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Crigler-Najjar

Lost

Severe

Follow-up incomplete.

C-122

1999

4730

39

m/W

HB

6.0

24.0

24.0

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Infection

Yes

Severe

Home birth Shoulder dystocia; sepsis (E. coli), renal abscess.

L-123

1990

4026

37

f/W

HB

7.0

44.7

44.7

Advanced

Yes

Yes

Idiopathic

Yes

Severe

20% wt loss at day 7, Hct 54%

C-124

2002

3632

42.5

f/W

HB

27.0

28.1

28.1

Moderate

No

Yes

Hemolysis

No

Severe

Cong Spherocytosis, Hct 27%

C-125

1992

2500

36.5

f/B

None

8.0

42.0

46.0

Advanced

Yes

Yes

G6PD

Yes

Severe

Family history of jaundice, 2 sibs had ExTx

  1. C: colleague; f: female; HB: home birth; Hct: hematocrit; L: literature; m: male; M: malpractice case; neg: negative; P: parent; pos: positive; retic: reticulocyte count; Unk: Unknown.