Figure 8
(a, b) AFM images for double-stranded pcDNA3 adsorption on a gold surface modified by L-NIBC (a) or D-NIBC (b) monolayers. The inset in (a) is the magnified image of single relaxed-circular DNA on the L-surface; the inset in (b) is the magnified image of a supercoiled DNA rod on the D-surface. Adapted from Gan et al.84 (2010 Wiley-VCH). (c, d) Fluorescence microscopy images of LC3-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) aggregation that was induced in HepG2 cells by treatment with L-GSH-QDs (c) or D-GSH-QDs (d). (e, f) transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of HepG2 cells cultured on the chiral QD surfaces for 24 h. QD-induced autophagic cell death was evident from numerous large vacuoles within the cytoplasm, as indicated by red arrows. Adapted from Li et al.85 (2011 Wiley-VCH).
