Figure 6

Biological response to AMN and silver-treated AMN coatings. (a–c) After 24 h culture, L929 mouse fibroblast cells show excellent attachment and spreading on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) control surfaces (a), while attachment is prevented on Corning Ultra-Low Attachment (ULA) control surfaces, leading to cell clumping (b). On AMN polymer coatings deposited onto ULA surfaces (ULA-AMN), cell attachment and spreading is equivalent to the TCPS surface, reversing the effect of the underlying ULA surface (c). (d) The quantification of cell attachment via an MTS assay supports these observations (n=8, error bars represent s.e.m.). (e) Spatial control over L929 cell attachment was demonstrated on an ULA surface onto which an AMN solution was microarray contact printed. (f) Toxicity of a twofold serial dilution of AMN surface extracts and control standards against L929 mouse fibroblasts according to ISO 10993-12:2002(E) and ISO 10993-5:2009(E) (n=4 for media, PBS and DMSO controls, n=3 for neat AMN and dilutions). No statistically significant difference was observed between the AMN extract, its dilutions and the media control (ANOVA single factor analysis, P=0.29). AMN, aminomalononitrile; ANOVA, analysis of variance; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; NS, not significant; PBS, phosphate-buffered solution.