Figure 6

Secondary structural stability of plasma proteins in the presence of carbon nanomaterials with varying concentrations. CD spectra of (a–c) albumin, (d–f) globulin and (g–i) fibrinogen upon interactions with carbon nanomaterials, that is, CNT-COOH, GNP and PGO, with different concentrations. Albumin, globulin and fibrinogen had fixed concentrations of 200, 400 and 400 μg ml−1, respectively, and the protein–nanomaterial complexes had concentration ratios of 1:0.025, 1:0.05 and 1:0.1. CD, circular dichroism; CNT-COOH, COOH-functionalized carbon nanotube; GNP, graphene nanoplatelet; PGO, porous graphene oxide.