Figure 1

Schematic description of phage display-based breast cancer precision medicine. (a) Selection of patient-specific breast cancer-targeting peptides through in vivo phage display. A phage library was first injected through the tail vein into the tumor-bearing mice and allowed to circulate for 24 h. Tumors with preferentially bound phages were removed from mice and homogenized. Phages were collected by centrifugation, amplified and used as input for the next round of in vivo selection. (b) Coupling of the as-selected peptide with anticancer nanomedicines (AuNRs) to enhance their accumulation inside tumors to achieve highly efficient cancer treatment by photothermal therapy.