Table 1 PCSK9-targeting mechanisms.

Blocking the combination of PCSK9 and LDLR

Mimetic Peptides

^25,35; ^57,58,59,60

Adnectins

⁶¹

Monoclonal antibodies (alirocumab; evolocumab; bococizumab)

^{62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75}

Inhibiting PCSK9 expression

CRISPR/Cas9 technology

¹¹; ^76,77,78,79

Small molecules (berberine; oleanoic acid)

^{81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91}; ^{92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99}

Antisense oligonucleotides

^{100, 101, 102}

Small interfering RNAs

^103,104; ^58,59

Interfering PCSK9 secretion

Sortilin

Sec24a

^{105, 106}